{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385624205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eurocon56442.2023.10198976","title":"Design and Development of a Low-Cost Automated Parking System for Developing Countries","display_name":"Design and Development of a Low-Cost Automated Parking System for Developing Countries","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385624205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eurocon56442.2023.10198976"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/eurocon56442.2023.10198976","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurocon56442.2023.10198976","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE EUROCON 2023 - 20th International Conference on Smart Technologies","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051578370","display_name":"Joy Bhowmik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7408-7135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31669788","display_name":"Independent University, Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbbf772","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joy Bhowmik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent University, Bangladesh,Department of CSE,Dhaka,Bangladesh","Department of CSE, Independent University, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent University, Bangladesh,Department of CSE,Dhaka,Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of CSE, Independent University, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053321410","display_name":"Md Fahad Monir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4874-9520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31669788","display_name":"Independent University, Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbbf772","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Fahad Monir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent University, Bangladesh,Department of CSE,Dhaka,Bangladesh","Department of CSE, Independent University, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent University, Bangladesh,Department of CSE,Dhaka,Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of CSE, Independent University, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092835219","display_name":"Sayed Abdullah Al Naiyem","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31669788","display_name":"Independent University, Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbbf772","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sayed Abdullah Al Naiyem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent University, Bangladesh,Department of CSE,Dhaka,Bangladesh","Department of CSE, Independent University, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent University, Bangladesh,Department of CSE,Dhaka,Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of CSE, Independent University, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111020761","display_name":"Md Asfaqur Rahman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31669788","display_name":"Independent University, Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbbf772","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Asfaqur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent University, Bangladesh,Department of CSE,Dhaka,Bangladesh","Department of CSE, Independent University, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent University, Bangladesh,Department of CSE,Dhaka,Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of CSE, Independent University, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055430997","display_name":"Bijoy Bhowmik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bijoy Bhowmik","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan,Department of Electrical Engineering,Dearborn,USA","Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Michigan, Dearborn, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan,Department of Electrical Engineering,Dearborn,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Michigan, Dearborn, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036203974","display_name":"Tarem Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9924-0669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31669788","display_name":"Independent University, Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbbf772","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tarem Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent University, Bangladesh,Department of CSE,Dhaka,Bangladesh","Department of CSE, Independent University, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent University, Bangladesh,Department of CSE,Dhaka,Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of CSE, Independent University, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31669788"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6107,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61972831,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"30","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9745000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6294930577278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parking-guidance-and-information","display_name":"Parking guidance and information","score":0.6277854442596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.6183508634567261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arduino","display_name":"Arduino","score":0.5431600213050842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.47654277086257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4737692177295685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/development","display_name":"Development (topology)","score":0.45170414447784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4442391097545624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parking-space","display_name":"Parking space","score":0.4315986931324005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-neuroscience-of-visual-object-recognition","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","score":0.4106690287590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.38821321725845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.3730858564376831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.33082497119903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.32000166177749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.2742866277694702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2402692437171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23383042216300964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11796551942825317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6294930577278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14353550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386125","display_name":"Parking guidance and information","level":2,"score":0.6277854442596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.6183508634567261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136501162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175957","display_name":"Arduino","level":2,"score":0.5431600213050842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.47654277086257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4737692177295685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5266672","display_name":"Development (topology)","level":2,"score":0.45170414447784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4442391097545624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994392017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1433633","display_name":"Parking space","level":2,"score":0.4315986931324005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64876066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","level":3,"score":0.4106690287590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.38821321725845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.3730858564376831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.33082497119903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.32000166177749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.2742866277694702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2402692437171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23383042216300964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11796551942825317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/eurocon56442.2023.10198976","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurocon56442.2023.10198976","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE EUROCON 2023 - 20th International Conference on Smart Technologies","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2039378975","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2138011018","https://openalex.org/W2747366356","https://openalex.org/W2799915069","https://openalex.org/W2884619901","https://openalex.org/W2939592802","https://openalex.org/W3005684173","https://openalex.org/W3009952090","https://openalex.org/W3049367805","https://openalex.org/W3094465401","https://openalex.org/W3160846816","https://openalex.org/W3212355430","https://openalex.org/W4220788891","https://openalex.org/W4238732474"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2894654697","https://openalex.org/W4379281454","https://openalex.org/W4399652852","https://openalex.org/W3165717260","https://openalex.org/W2113430097","https://openalex.org/W2469984081","https://openalex.org/W3111829057","https://openalex.org/W2248931722","https://openalex.org/W630266009","https://openalex.org/W4386213708"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vertical":[0],"parking":[1,16,42,131,139],"systems":[2],"are":[3,100],"becoming":[4],"popular":[5],"all":[6],"over":[7],"the":[8,15,37,89],"world,":[9],"specifically":[10],"in":[11,63,73,94,137],"congested":[12],"areas":[13],"because":[14],"spaces":[17],"can":[18,69,134],"be":[19,135],"maximized":[20],"by":[21,54],"utilizing":[22],"vertical":[23,41],"space":[24,75],"with":[25,82,146],"limited":[26],"land":[27],"availability.":[28],"The":[29,59,120,141],"rapid":[30],"spread":[31],"of":[32,39,76,122],"sensing":[33],"technology":[34],"also":[35],"facilitated":[36],"development":[38],"intelligent":[40],"technologies.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45,123],"work,":[46],"we":[47],"propose":[48,127],"a":[49,56,65,74,128],"low-cost":[50,129],"rotating":[51],"smart-parking":[52],"system":[53,132,151],"offering":[55],"small":[57],"prototype.":[58,90],"prototype":[60,142],"is":[61,85,108,125,144],"designed":[62],"such":[64],"way":[66],"that":[67,133],"it":[68,111],"accommodate":[70],"six":[71],"automobiles":[72],"two.":[77],"An":[78],"Arduino":[79],"UNO":[80],"microcontroller":[81],"several":[83],"sensors":[84],"used":[86,109],"to":[87,116,126],"build":[88],"For":[91],"vehicle":[92],"detection,":[93],"our":[95,117],"case":[96],"sedans":[97],"and":[98,150],"SUV":[99],"considered":[101],"standard":[102],"objects,":[103],"Resnet34":[104],"image":[105],"classification":[106],"model":[107],"as":[110],"provides":[112],"higher":[113],"accuracy":[114,149],"according":[115],"experiment":[118],"results.":[119],"objective":[121],"paper":[124],"automated":[130],"implemented":[136],"existing":[138],"facilities.":[140],"performance":[143],"measured":[145],"object":[147],"recognition":[148],"response":[152],"time.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}