{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2045583428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eurocon.2013.6625205","title":"Discrete wavelet transforms with multiclass SVM for phoneme recognition","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transforms with multiclass SVM for phoneme recognition","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2045583428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eurocon.2013.6625205","mag":"2045583428"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/eurocon.2013.6625205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eurocon.2013.6625205","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Eurocon 2013","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005529857","display_name":"M. Cutajar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197854408","display_name":"University of Malta","ror":"https://ror.org/03a62bv60","country_code":"MT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}],"countries":["MT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Cutajar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microelectronics & Nanoelectronics Faculty of ICT, University of Malta, Msida, Malta","Dept. of Microelectron. & Nanoelectron., Univ. of Malta, Msida, Malta"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microelectronics & Nanoelectronics Faculty of ICT, University of Malta, Msida, Malta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Microelectron. & Nanoelectron., Univ. of Malta, Msida, Malta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051783142","display_name":"Edward Gatt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6879-719X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197854408","display_name":"University of Malta","ror":"https://ror.org/03a62bv60","country_code":"MT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}],"countries":["MT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Gatt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microelectronics & Nanoelectronics Faculty of ICT, University of Malta, Msida, Malta","Dept. of Microelectron. & Nanoelectron., Univ. of Malta, Msida, Malta"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microelectronics & Nanoelectronics Faculty of ICT, University of Malta, Msida, Malta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Microelectron. & Nanoelectron., Univ. of Malta, Msida, Malta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033957295","display_name":"Ivan Grech","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3721-0015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197854408","display_name":"University of Malta","ror":"https://ror.org/03a62bv60","country_code":"MT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}],"countries":["MT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Grech","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microelectronics & Nanoelectronics Faculty of ICT, University of Malta, Msida, Malta","Dept. of Microelectron. & Nanoelectron., Univ. of Malta, Msida, Malta"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microelectronics & Nanoelectronics Faculty of ICT, University of Malta, Msida, Malta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Microelectron. & Nanoelectron., Univ. of Malta, Msida, Malta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044810941","display_name":"Owen Casha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4337-5609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197854408","display_name":"University of Malta","ror":"https://ror.org/03a62bv60","country_code":"MT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}],"countries":["MT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. Casha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microelectronics & Nanoelectronics Faculty of ICT, University of Malta, Msida, Malta","Dept. of Microelectron. & Nanoelectron., Univ. of Malta, Msida, Malta"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microelectronics & Nanoelectronics Faculty of ICT, University of Malta, Msida, Malta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Microelectron. & Nanoelectron., Univ. of Malta, Msida, Malta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110698610","display_name":"Joseph Micallef","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197854408","display_name":"University of Malta","ror":"https://ror.org/03a62bv60","country_code":"MT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}],"countries":["MT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Micallef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microelectronics & Nanoelectronics Faculty of ICT, University of Malta, Msida, Malta","Dept. of Microelectron. & Nanoelectron., Univ. of Malta, Msida, Malta"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microelectronics & Nanoelectronics Faculty of ICT, University of Malta, Msida, Malta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Microelectron. & Nanoelectron., Univ. of Malta, Msida, Malta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005529857"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8860943,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8941306,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"1695","last_page":"1700"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7576538324356079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7555850148200989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timit","display_name":"TIMIT","score":0.6875777244567871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6720038652420044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6507317423820496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-wavelet-transform","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","score":0.6193341612815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5363309383392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5225681066513062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.48548367619514465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.4612390697002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiclass-classification","display_name":"Multiclass classification","score":0.4528244435787201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.4458485543727875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.42382967472076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.3813030421733856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.3128700852394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13577568531036377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7576538324356079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7555850148200989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778724510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7670405","display_name":"TIMIT","level":3,"score":0.6875777244567871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6720038652420044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6507317423820496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46286280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414958","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","level":4,"score":0.6193341612815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5363309383392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5225681066513062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.48548367619514465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.4612390697002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123860398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934605","display_name":"Multiclass classification","level":3,"score":0.4528244435787201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.4458485543727875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.42382967472076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.3813030421733856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.3128700852394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13577568531036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/eurocon.2013.6625205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eurocon.2013.6625205","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Eurocon 2013","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W155416790","https://openalex.org/W1575243176","https://openalex.org/W1688610710","https://openalex.org/W1959749536","https://openalex.org/W1965622908","https://openalex.org/W1974059926","https://openalex.org/W1980877097","https://openalex.org/W2029924358","https://openalex.org/W2093089717","https://openalex.org/W2115387603","https://openalex.org/W2119128175","https://openalex.org/W2124776405","https://openalex.org/W2139752039","https://openalex.org/W2157059077","https://openalex.org/W2159549127","https://openalex.org/W2166259874","https://openalex.org/W2167210642","https://openalex.org/W2330394197","https://openalex.org/W3127686677","https://openalex.org/W6606304182","https://openalex.org/W6634415729"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3134920593","https://openalex.org/W2143247386","https://openalex.org/W1990589093","https://openalex.org/W2501000458","https://openalex.org/W1578749070","https://openalex.org/W2146842779","https://openalex.org/W2340308015","https://openalex.org/W2094250226","https://openalex.org/W2608303656","https://openalex.org/W2098258572"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"phoneme":[1,102,120],"recognition":[2,103,121],"system":[3,84,122],"based":[4],"on":[5,115,128],"Discrete":[6],"Wavelet":[7],"Transforms":[8],"(DWT)":[9],"and":[10,27,90,96,107],"Support":[11],"Vector":[12],"Machines":[13],"(SVMs),":[14],"is":[15,123],"designed":[16,101],"for":[17],"multi-speaker":[18],"continuous":[19],"speech":[20],"environments.":[21],"Phonemes":[22],"are":[23,30],"divided":[24],"into":[25],"frames,":[26],"the":[28,39,42,46,54,64,80,83,87,100,116,134,137],"DWTs":[29],"adopted,":[31],"to":[32,62,78,86,125,132],"obtain":[33],"fixed":[34],"dimensional":[35],"feature":[36],"vectors.":[37],"For":[38],"multiclass":[40],"SVM,":[41],"One-against-one":[43],"method":[44],"with":[45],"RBF":[47],"kernel":[48],"was":[49,60],"implemented.":[50],"To":[51],"further":[52],"improve":[53,133],"accuracies":[55],"obtained,":[56],"a":[57,129],"priority":[58],"scheme":[59],"added,":[61],"forecast":[63],"three":[65],"most":[66],"likely":[67],"phonemes.":[68],"After":[69],"classification,":[70],"all":[71],"frames":[72],"were":[73,105,112],"again":[74],"re-grouped,":[75],"in":[76],"order":[77],"evaluate":[79],"accuracy":[81],"of":[82,136],"according":[85],"substitution,":[88],"deletion":[89],"insertion":[91],"errors.":[92],"The":[93],"percentage":[94],"correct":[95],"accuracy,":[97],"obtained":[98],"from":[99],"system,":[104],"63.08%":[106],"53.27%":[108],"respectively.":[109],"All":[110],"tests":[111],"carried":[113],"out":[114],"TIMIT":[117],"database.":[118],"This":[119],"intended":[124],"be":[126],"implemented":[127],"dedicated":[130],"chip,":[131],"speed":[135],"software":[138],"implementation":[139],"by":[140],"approximately":[141],"100":[142],"times.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}