{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2057179663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eurocon.2011.5929234","title":"Critical issues in polarization encoded quantum key distribution systems","display_name":"Critical issues in polarization encoded quantum key distribution systems","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2057179663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eurocon.2011.5929234","mag":"2057179663"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/eurocon.2011.5929234","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eurocon.2011.5929234","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE EUROCON - International Conference on Computer as a Tool","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020075457","display_name":"Nelson J. Muga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4412-8025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60858718","display_name":"University of Aveiro","ror":"https://ror.org/00nt41z93","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"N. J. Muga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal","Instituto de Telecommunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Aveiro, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecommunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112787358","display_name":"A. J. Almeida","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. J. Almeida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecommunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Aveiro, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecommunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065584728","display_name":"M\u00e1rio F. S. Ferreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8316-7022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60858718","display_name":"University of Aveiro","ror":"https://ror.org/00nt41z93","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. F. Ferreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076838839","display_name":"Armando N. Pinto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2101-5896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60858718","display_name":"University of Aveiro","ror":"https://ror.org/00nt41z93","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. N. Pinto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic, Telecommunications, and Informatics, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal","Instituto de Telecommunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Aveiro, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic, Telecommunications, and Informatics, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecommunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020075457"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471","https://openalex.org/I60858718"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8552,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79465103,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11414","display_name":"Quantum optics and atomic interactions","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-key-distribution","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","score":0.7932040691375732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stokes-parameters","display_name":"Stokes parameters","score":0.5170562863349915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.4973151981830597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon","display_name":"Photon","score":0.49555790424346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/birefringence","display_name":"Birefringence","score":0.47681018710136414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.47577062249183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.4486355185508728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.44416117668151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4247470498085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization-maintaining-optical-fiber","display_name":"Polarization-maintaining optical fiber","score":0.4148215353488922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.38889631628990173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.3798675835132599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.36956724524497986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.24658048152923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-optic-sensor","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","score":0.21666881442070007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09366089105606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.09255281090736389}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95466800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027298","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","level":3,"score":0.7932040691375732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188141570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192058","display_name":"Stokes parameters","level":3,"score":0.5170562863349915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4973151981830597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.49555790424346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125743686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108779","display_name":"Birefringence","level":2,"score":0.47681018710136414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.47577062249183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.4486355185508728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.44416117668151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4247470498085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45747243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7209154","display_name":"Polarization-maintaining optical fiber","level":4,"score":0.4148215353488922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.38889631628990173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.3798675835132599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.36956724524497986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.24658048152923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21651689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397427","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","level":3,"score":0.21666881442070007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09366089105606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.09255281090736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/eurocon.2011.5929234","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eurocon.2011.5929234","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE EUROCON - International Conference on Computer as a Tool","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973806858","https://openalex.org/W1982118084","https://openalex.org/W2000168006","https://openalex.org/W2001021117","https://openalex.org/W2005317720","https://openalex.org/W2015533198","https://openalex.org/W2035873732","https://openalex.org/W2101055874","https://openalex.org/W2105172170","https://openalex.org/W2114448201","https://openalex.org/W2116210980","https://openalex.org/W2168163734","https://openalex.org/W2406176732","https://openalex.org/W3038067977","https://openalex.org/W3102573114","https://openalex.org/W6677021855"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2020459229","https://openalex.org/W2002506922","https://openalex.org/W4320485323","https://openalex.org/W2009321521","https://openalex.org/W1984737720","https://openalex.org/W3089864000","https://openalex.org/W2553254546","https://openalex.org/W2019450447","https://openalex.org/W4389399922","https://openalex.org/W3196048991"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"analysis":[1],"of":[2,33,39,78,101],"the":[3,20,31,85,102,107],"most":[4],"critical":[5],"issues":[6],"in":[7,36],"quantum":[8,45],"key":[9],"distribution":[10],"systems":[11],"with":[12,54],"polarization":[13,34],"encoded":[14],"photons":[15],"is":[16,49,82,110,121],"presented.":[17],"Effects":[18],"like":[19],"fiber":[21,23],"birefringence,":[22],"losses":[24],"and":[25,96,118],"some":[26],"technical":[27],"aspects":[28],"can":[29],"difficult":[30],"state":[32],"control":[35],"such":[37],"kind":[38],"systems,":[40],"leading":[41],"to":[42,106],"an":[43],"undesired":[44],"bit-error-rate":[46],"increment.":[47],"It":[48],"shown":[50,83],"that":[51,84],"a":[52,55,59,65,113],"system":[53],"long":[56],"fiber,":[57],"presenting":[58],"typical":[60,86],"PMD":[61],"value,":[62],"only":[63],"assures":[64],"strong":[66],"correlation":[67],"between":[68,94,116],"two":[69],"Stokes":[70],"vectors":[71],"for":[72],"narrow":[73],"wavelength":[74],"separations.":[75],"In":[76],"terms":[77],"time":[79],"correlation,":[80],"it":[81],"drift":[87],"times":[88],"are":[89],"much":[90],"longer":[91],"than":[92],"delays":[93],"reference":[95,103],"data":[97,108,120],"signals.":[98],"The":[99],"problematic":[100],"pulse":[104],"leakage":[105],"detector":[109],"also":[111],"analyzed;":[112],"good":[114],"agreement":[115],"experimental":[117],"theoretical":[119],"observed.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}