{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411688863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eucnc/6gsummit63408.2025.11036908","title":"A Functional Framework for Network Digital Twins","display_name":"A Functional Framework for Network Digital Twins","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411688863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eucnc/6gsummit63408.2025.11036908"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/eucnc/6gsummit63408.2025.11036908","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eucnc/6gsummit63408.2025.11036908","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Joint European Conference on Networks and Communications & 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037170830","display_name":"S\u00e9bastien Faye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4446-749X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112527","display_name":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01t178j62","country_code":"LU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112527"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u00e9bastien Faye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST),Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST),Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112527"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028802750","display_name":"Paola Soto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5906-6424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149213910","display_name":"University of Antwerp","ror":"https://ror.org/008x57b05","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paola Soto","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Antwerp - imec,Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Antwerp - imec,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018600572","display_name":"Gaetano Volpe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3939-9915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68618741","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Bari","ror":"https://ror.org/03c44v465","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68618741"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaetano Volpe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Bari,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Bari,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68618741"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116047660","display_name":"Ayat Zaki\u2013Hindi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112527","display_name":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01t178j62","country_code":"LU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112527"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayat Zaki\u2013Hindi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST),Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST),Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112527"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038901183","display_name":"Burkhard Hensel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6824-3549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Burkhard Hensel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universität,Dresden,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universität,Dresden,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081656444","display_name":"Germ\u00e1n Castellanos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6276-9558"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"German Castellanos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Accelleran,Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Accelleran,Belgium","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011984442","display_name":"Ion Turcanu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-2592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112527","display_name":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01t178j62","country_code":"LU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112527"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ion Turcanu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST),Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST),Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112527"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010180044","display_name":"Christoph Sommer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4336-7350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Sommer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universität,Dresden,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universität,Dresden,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071486132","display_name":"Sidi\u2010Mohammed Senouci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8525-9596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177064439","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bourgogne","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1bsr36","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177064439"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sidi Mohammed Senouci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Université de Bourgogne,Europe,France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Université de Bourgogne,Europe,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177064439"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042020429","display_name":"Andrey Belogaev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-399X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149213910","display_name":"University of Antwerp","ror":"https://ror.org/008x57b05","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrey Belogaev","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Antwerp - imec,Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Antwerp - imec,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072792091","display_name":"Miguel Camelo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8152-7143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149213910","display_name":"University of Antwerp","ror":"https://ror.org/008x57b05","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Camelo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Antwerp - imec,Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Antwerp - imec,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.809,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86296313,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"01","last_page":"06"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.679717481136322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.32078099250793457}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.679717481136322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.32078099250793457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/eucnc/6gsummit63408.2025.11036908","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eucnc/6gsummit63408.2025.11036908","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Joint European Conference on Networks and Communications & 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487321909","https://openalex.org/W2107857712","https://openalex.org/W2125560635","https://openalex.org/W3016108562","https://openalex.org/W3092475999","https://openalex.org/W3174854388","https://openalex.org/W4225747846","https://openalex.org/W4317538611","https://openalex.org/W4385453376","https://openalex.org/W4401747359","https://openalex.org/W4406861470","https://openalex.org/W6870846913","https://openalex.org/W6948923432"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,35,45,71],"structured":[4],"framework":[5],"for":[6,95],"Network":[7],"Digital":[8],"Twins":[9],"(NDTs)":[10],"in":[11,23,59,79],"6G,":[12],"addressing":[13],"the":[14,24,28,77],"lack":[15],"of":[16,31],"formal":[17],"definitions":[18],"and":[19,50,52,63,87,98],"standardised":[20],"architectural":[21],"guidelines":[22],"field.":[25],"By":[26],"refining":[27],"conceptual":[29],"foundations":[30],"NDTs,":[32],"it":[33],"introduces":[34],"functional":[36],"architecture,":[37],"clarifies":[38],"key":[39],"components":[40],"such":[41],"as":[42],"AIdriven":[43],"workflows,":[44],"simulation":[46],"framework,":[47],"data":[48],"management,":[49],"orchestration,":[51],"provides":[53],"concrete":[54],"examples":[55],"illustrating":[56],"their":[57],"role":[58],"network":[60],"automation,":[61],"optimisation,":[62],"predictive":[64],"analytics.":[65],"The":[66],"goal":[67],"is":[68],"to":[69],"offer":[70],"cohesive":[72],"reference":[73],"model":[74],"that":[75],"guides":[76],"community":[78],"shaping":[80],"NDTs":[81],"development,":[82],"ensuring":[83],"interoperability,":[84],"scalability,":[85],"adaptability,":[86],"seamless":[88],"integration":[89],"into":[90],"AI-native":[91],"6":[92],"G":[93],"networks":[94],"improved":[96],"intelligence":[97],"efficiency.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}