{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3184548337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eucnc/6gsummit51104.2021.9482431","title":"How To Make 6G a General Purpose Technology: Prerequisites and value creation paradigm shift","display_name":"How To Make 6G a General Purpose Technology: Prerequisites and value creation paradigm shift","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3184548337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eucnc/6gsummit51104.2021.9482431","mag":"3184548337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/eucnc/6gsummit51104.2021.9482431","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eucnc/6gsummit51104.2021.9482431","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Joint European Conference on Networks and Communications & 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001133694","display_name":"Volker Ziegler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6408-5697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159457","display_name":"Nokia (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05nh5td39","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Volker Ziegler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs & CTO, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs & CTO, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066628738","display_name":"Seppo Yrj\u00f6l\u00e4","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2053-9700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738502077","display_name":"Nokia (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/04pkc8m17","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seppo Yrjola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia, Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001133694"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159457"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1221,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87460738,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"586","last_page":"591"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.629632294178009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamism","display_name":"Dynamism","score":0.5252156853675842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5162072777748108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paradigm-shift","display_name":"Paradigm shift","score":0.4783865213394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.47450941801071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.44733911752700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.33399415016174316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2022746503353119}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.629632294178009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775836275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3502310","display_name":"Dynamism","level":2,"score":0.5252156853675842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5162072777748108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43540301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689971","display_name":"Paradigm shift","level":2,"score":0.4783865213394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.47450941801071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.44733911752700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.33399415016174316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2022746503353119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/eucnc/6gsummit51104.2021.9482431","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eucnc/6gsummit51104.2021.9482431","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Joint European Conference on Networks and Communications & 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033912020","https://openalex.org/W2045479580","https://openalex.org/W2132916013","https://openalex.org/W2140699752","https://openalex.org/W2156476638","https://openalex.org/W2166737518","https://openalex.org/W2231928120","https://openalex.org/W2413714752","https://openalex.org/W2553227351","https://openalex.org/W2743787992","https://openalex.org/W2779418433","https://openalex.org/W2792782541","https://openalex.org/W2800663167","https://openalex.org/W2811057573","https://openalex.org/W2899180718","https://openalex.org/W2922100028","https://openalex.org/W2942818499","https://openalex.org/W2955897898","https://openalex.org/W2972260047","https://openalex.org/W2992588795","https://openalex.org/W2996875104","https://openalex.org/W3011067038","https://openalex.org/W3022632306","https://openalex.org/W3023639128","https://openalex.org/W3045086480","https://openalex.org/W3088211916","https://openalex.org/W3088279376","https://openalex.org/W3089448934","https://openalex.org/W3109262928","https://openalex.org/W3125029834","https://openalex.org/W3211960229","https://openalex.org/W6683009067","https://openalex.org/W6770713815","https://openalex.org/W6803402371"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000438032","https://openalex.org/W2775384662","https://openalex.org/W2385556862","https://openalex.org/W4297288183","https://openalex.org/W4297802007","https://openalex.org/W2117883229","https://openalex.org/W2367908682","https://openalex.org/W3126342311","https://openalex.org/W2154470195","https://openalex.org/W175208251"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"6G":[0,66,77,115,152,212],"era":[1],"and":[2,12,18,28,45,54,57,61,80,93,96,108,123,128,137,165,229],"the":[3,10,13,21,25,47,85,181,196],"post-pandemic":[4],"future":[5],"will":[6,34,111,177,188],"be":[7,112,178,214],"driven":[8,113],"by":[9,23,114],"need":[11,189],"opportunity":[14],"to":[15,141,190],"serve":[16],"society":[17],"mankind":[19],"in":[20,52,89,151],"2030s":[22],"connecting":[24],"physical,":[26],"digital":[27,43],"biological":[29],"worlds.":[30],"Novel":[31],"use":[32,71],"cases":[33,72],"provide":[35],"value":[36,68,99],"from":[37,69,76],"augmenting":[38],"human":[39],"intelligence,":[40],"creating":[41],"new":[42,129],"worlds":[44],"controlling":[46],"automatons":[48],"for":[49,134,143,175,225],"step":[50],"change":[51],"efficiency":[53],"labor":[55],"productivity":[56],"safety.":[58],"We":[59],"propose":[60],"explore":[62],"a":[63,234],"framework":[64,86],"of":[65,84,91,149,160,180,195,237],"composite":[67],"novel":[70,172],"as":[73,75,101,103,119,156,169,171,200,203,205,216],"well":[74,102,170,204],"research,":[78],"technology":[79,183,220],"architecture.":[81],"Key":[82],"components":[83],"are":[87],"input":[88],"terms":[90],"capital":[92],"labor,":[94],"process":[95],"performance":[97,109],"improvement,":[98],"output":[100],"ecosystem":[104],"enabling":[105,116,186,230],"parameters.":[106],"Process":[107],"improvement":[110],"technologies":[117,140,174],"such":[118,155,199],"pervasive":[120],"Artificial":[121],"Intelligence":[122],"Machine":[124],"Learning,":[125],"sub-Terahertz":[126],"spectrum":[127,130,206],"technologies,":[131],"network":[132,153,167],"co-design":[133],"radio":[135,163],"sensing":[136],"communications":[138],"and,":[139],"cater":[142],"extreme":[144],"connectivity":[145],"requirements.":[146],"A":[147],"variety":[148],"innovations":[150],"architecture":[154],"het-cloud":[157],"transformation,":[158],"leverage":[159],"specialized":[161],"networks,":[162],"access":[164],"core":[166],"convergence":[168],"security":[173],"trust":[176],"part":[179],"anticipated":[182],"push.":[184],"Ecosystem":[185],"parameters":[187],"include":[191],"open":[192,201],"collaboration,":[193],"vehicles":[194],"shared":[197],"economy":[198],"source":[202],"regulation":[207],"aspects.":[208],"Results":[209],"indicate":[210],"that":[211],"can":[213],"characterized":[215],"an":[217],"emerging":[218],"general-purpose":[219],"being":[221],"pervasive,":[222],"having":[223],"dynamism":[224],"continuous":[226],"technical":[227],"improvements,":[228],"innovational":[231],"complementarities":[232],"across":[233],"wide":[235],"range":[236],"industry":[238],"sectors.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-05T09:29:38.588285","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}