{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415398874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa65518.2025.11205623","title":"Evaluation of the boot time in a Linux automotive environment with security constraints","display_name":"Evaluation of the boot time in a Linux automotive environment with security constraints","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415398874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa65518.2025.11205623"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/etfa65518.2025.11205623","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa65518.2025.11205623","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 30th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038445045","display_name":"S. Mazza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2375-8154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Serghej Mazza","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pavia,Dept. Industrial, Computer and Biomedical Engineering,Pavia,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pavia,Dept. Industrial, Computer and Biomedical Engineering,Pavia,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120084030","display_name":"Fabio Calabr\u00f2","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157655","display_name":"Moscow Humanitarian-Technical Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/057qzst49","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157655"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Calabr\u00f2","raw_affiliation_strings":["MTA SpA,Codogno,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MTA SpA,Codogno,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157655"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088924308","display_name":"F. Valla","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157655","display_name":"Moscow Humanitarian-Technical Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/057qzst49","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157655"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Valla","raw_affiliation_strings":["MTA SpA,Codogno,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MTA SpA,Codogno,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157655"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103982117","display_name":"Andrea Amer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157655","display_name":"Moscow Humanitarian-Technical Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/057qzst49","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157655"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Amer","raw_affiliation_strings":["MTA SpA,Codogno,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MTA SpA,Codogno,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157655"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064289997","display_name":"Tullio Facchinetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0221-6123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tullio Facchinetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pavia,Dept. Industrial, Computer and Biomedical Engineering,Pavia,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pavia,Dept. Industrial, Computer and Biomedical Engineering,Pavia,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.5939000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4235999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/booting","display_name":"Booting","score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.35339999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"Signature (topology)","score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linux-kernel","display_name":"Linux kernel","score":0.325300008058548}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6295999884605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.5939000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5807999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4235999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3625999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180256","display_name":"Booting","level":2,"score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.35339999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C553261973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14579","display_name":"Linux kernel","level":2,"score":0.325300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195518309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13424265","display_name":"Security testing","level":5,"score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120524526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1709148","display_name":"Reboot","level":2,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017489831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Running time","level":2,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778520156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q449343","display_name":"Automotive electronics","level":3,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38369872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445009","display_name":"Security analysis","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/etfa65518.2025.11205623","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa65518.2025.11205623","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 30th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Boot":[0],"time":[1,38,129,154],"of":[2,21,39,85,117,137,152,164,175,191],"embedded":[3],"devices":[4],"is":[5,14,61,125],"a":[6,40,69,81,100,182,198],"major":[7],"constraint":[8],"the":[9,19,22,32,36,43,62,106,115,118,128,133,173],"automotive":[10,48],"domain,":[11],"and":[12,121,135],"it":[13],"thus":[15],"fundamental":[16],"to":[17,79,131,181],"evaluate":[18],"impact":[20,166],"available":[23],"security":[24,52,147],"schemes":[25],"on":[26,114,127,167],"this":[27],"metric.":[28],"This":[29],"paper":[30],"addresses":[31],"problem":[33],"by":[34,105,143],"evaluating":[35],"boot":[37,56,108,153,187],"device":[41,60],"running":[42,68],"Linux":[44,71],"Operating":[45],"System":[46],"for":[47,94,177,193],"applications,":[49],"with":[50],"different":[51,88],"hardening":[53],"approaches":[54],"at":[55],"level.":[57],"The":[58,169,189],"tested":[59],"SK-AM62P-LP":[63],"starter":[64],"kit":[65],"evaluation":[66,163],"module":[67],"Yocto-based":[70],"image.":[72],"Testing":[73],"has":[74],"been":[75,92,157],"automated":[76],"in":[77,186,197],"order":[78],"acquire":[80],"sufficiently":[82],"large":[83],"number":[84],"measurements.":[86],"Two":[87],"measurement":[89],"techniques":[90],"have":[91,156],"explored":[93],"comparison.":[95],"A":[96,110],"first":[97],"method":[98],"leverages":[99],"built-in":[101],"estimation":[102],"feature":[103],"provided":[104],"U-Boot":[107],"loader.":[109],"second":[111],"approach":[112],"relies":[113],"use":[116],"grabserial":[119],"dump":[120],"timing":[122],"program.":[123],"Focus":[124],"put":[126],"required":[130],"verify":[132],"integrity":[134,178],"authenticity":[136],"Flattened":[138],"Image":[139],"Tree":[140],"(FIT)":[141],"images":[142],"U-Boot.":[144],"For":[145],"each":[146],"feature,":[148],"an":[149,160],"extended":[150],"set":[151],"estimations":[155],"acquired,":[158],"providing":[159],"accurate":[161],"statistical":[162],"its":[165],"performance.":[168],"results":[170,196],"show":[171],"that":[172],"introduction":[174],"SHA-512":[176],"verification":[179,195],"leads":[180],"non":[183],"negligible":[184],"increase":[185],"time.":[188],"addition":[190],"RSA-4096":[192],"signature":[194],"slight":[199],"further":[200],"increase.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-22T00:00:00"}