{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387567460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa54631.2023.10275362","title":"Towards autonomous system: flexible modular production system enhanced with large language model agents","display_name":"Towards autonomous system: flexible modular production system enhanced with large language model agents","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387567460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa54631.2023.10275362"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/etfa54631.2023.10275362","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa54631.2023.10275362","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 28th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102771100","display_name":"Yuchen Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6777-2404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuchen Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart,Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering,Stuttgart,Germany","Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart,Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering,Stuttgart,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071243263","display_name":"Manthan Shenoy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manthan Shenoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart,Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering,Stuttgart,Germany","Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart,Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering,Stuttgart,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042926074","display_name":"Nasser Jazdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6722-0911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasser Jazdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart,Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering,Stuttgart,Germany","Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart,Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering,Stuttgart,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072168528","display_name":"Michael Weyrich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3176-9288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Weyrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart,Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering,Stuttgart,Germany","Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart,Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering,Stuttgart,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Automation and Software Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102771100"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.1111,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99114762,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9767000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9599000215530396,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.7897928357124329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7122364640235901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production","display_name":"Production (economics)","score":0.6001201272010803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production-system","display_name":"Production system (computer science)","score":0.4650571942329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.35589295625686646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.7897928357124329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7122364640235901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6001201272010803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776842983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581319","display_name":"Production system (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.4650571942329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.35589295625686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/etfa54631.2023.10275362","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa54631.2023.10275362","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 28th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329143","display_name":"Stiftung der Deutschen Wirtschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/00xwjya15"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2279846777","https://openalex.org/W2948947170","https://openalex.org/W2972498556","https://openalex.org/W3121192324","https://openalex.org/W3158551399","https://openalex.org/W3170148270","https://openalex.org/W3173777717","https://openalex.org/W3205068155","https://openalex.org/W3216708762","https://openalex.org/W4221143046","https://openalex.org/W4281557260","https://openalex.org/W4283026156","https://openalex.org/W4286987939","https://openalex.org/W4310925484","https://openalex.org/W4312300824","https://openalex.org/W4312499804","https://openalex.org/W4312571801","https://openalex.org/W4364379393","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6778883912","https://openalex.org/W6800875267","https://openalex.org/W6802669662","https://openalex.org/W6809646742","https://openalex.org/W6838461927","https://openalex.org/W6838865847","https://openalex.org/W6848026549","https://openalex.org/W6851534656","https://openalex.org/W7002211589"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2387357644","https://openalex.org/W2371316136","https://openalex.org/W1985141295","https://openalex.org/W2994264329","https://openalex.org/W4206243334","https://openalex.org/W3171586944","https://openalex.org/W2094869302","https://openalex.org/W2366775753","https://openalex.org/W3122208953","https://openalex.org/W2347694479"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"a":[5,35,66,136,144,166],"novel":[6],"framework":[7],"that":[8],"combines":[9],"large":[10],"language":[11],"models":[12],"(LLMs),":[13],"digital":[14,67,93,104],"twins":[15,105],"and":[16,24,39,47,57,75,90,106,130,149,169,195,206],"industrial":[17,182],"automation":[18,32,55,63,88,125,183],"system":[19,33,69,89,110],"to":[20,98,151],"enable":[21],"intelligent":[22,118],"planning":[23,129],"control":[25,42,107,131],"of":[26,44,132,146,178,188],"production":[27,37,82,167,197],"processes.":[28],"We":[29,155],"retrofit":[30],"the":[31,81,86,91,103,108,141,153,171,176,186,203],"for":[34,191,208],"modular":[36],"facility":[38],"create":[40],"executable":[41],"interfaces":[43,74],"fine-granular":[45],"functionalities":[46,51,148],"coarse-granular":[48],"skills.":[49],"Low-level":[50],"are":[52,60,96],"executed":[53],"by":[54,62],"components,":[56],"high-level":[58],"skills":[59,150],"performed":[61],"modules.":[64],"Subsequently,":[65],"twin":[68],"is":[70],"developed,":[71],"registering":[72],"these":[73],"containing":[76],"additional":[77],"descriptive":[78,100],"information":[79,101],"about":[80],"system.":[83],"Based":[84],"on":[85,120],"retrofitted":[87],"created":[92],"twins,":[94],"LLM-agents":[95,115,142],"designed":[97],"interpret":[99],"in":[102,185],"physical":[109],"through":[111],"service":[112],"interfaces.":[113],"These":[114],"serve":[116],"as":[117,139],"agents":[119],"different":[121],"levels":[122],"within":[123],"an":[124],"system,":[126],"enabling":[127],"autonomous":[128],"flexible":[133],"production.":[134],"Given":[135],"task":[137],"instruction":[138],"input,":[140],"orchestrate":[143],"sequence":[145],"atomic":[147],"accomplish":[152],"task.":[154],"demonstrate":[156],"how":[157],"our":[158],"implemented":[159],"prototype":[160],"can":[161],"handle":[162],"un-predefined":[163],"tasks,":[164],"plan":[165],"process,":[168],"execute":[170],"operations.":[172],"This":[173],"research":[174],"highlights":[175],"potential":[177],"integrating":[179],"LLMs":[180],"into":[181],"systems":[184],"context":[187],"smart":[189],"factory":[190],"more":[192],"agile,":[193],"flexible,":[194],"adaptive":[196],"processes,":[198],"while":[199],"it":[200],"also":[201],"underscores":[202],"critical":[204],"insights":[205],"limitations":[207],"future":[209],"work.":[210],"Demos":[211],"at:":[212],"https://github.com/YuchenXia/GPT4IndustrialAutomation":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":28}],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T22:45:19.894376","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}