{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3092503698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa46521.2020.9212021","title":"Attack Detection in Cyber-Physical Production Systems using the Deterministic Dendritic Cell Algorithm","display_name":"Attack Detection in Cyber-Physical Production Systems using the Deterministic Dendritic Cell Algorithm","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3092503698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa46521.2020.9212021","mag":"3092503698"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/etfa46521.2020.9212021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa46521.2020.9212021","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 25th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038662879","display_name":"Rui Pinto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0345-1208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rui Pinto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Systems and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Systems and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008404992","display_name":"Gil Gon\u00e7alves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7757-7308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gil Goncalves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Systems and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Systems and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078183455","display_name":"Eduardo Tovar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8979-3876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83863532","display_name":"Polytechnic Institute of Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/04988re48","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83863532"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Tovar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Centre in Real-Time and Embedded Computing Systems, Polytechnic of Porto - School of Engineering, Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre in Real-Time and Embedded Computing Systems, Polytechnic of Porto - School of Engineering, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83863532"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009803618","display_name":"Jerker Delsing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4133-3317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jerker Delsing","raw_affiliation_strings":["EISLAB, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, Lule\u00e5, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EISLAB, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, Lule\u00e5, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038662879"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1311,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75908654,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1552","last_page":"1559"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.7798842191696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.7516146898269653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6357035636901855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.5787994861602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5388109087944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5347626805305481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-control-system","display_name":"Industrial control system","score":0.521552562713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5002124309539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production","display_name":"Production (economics)","score":0.4626724421977997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.43370622396469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.42038068175315857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3289254903793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.20266932249069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.15424180030822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.10749921202659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09275802969932556}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.7798842191696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.7516146898269653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6357035636901855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.5787994861602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5388109087944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5347626805305481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40071531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2513962","display_name":"Industrial control system","level":3,"score":0.521552562713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5002124309539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4626724421977997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.43370622396469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.42038068175315857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3289254903793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.20266932249069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.15424180030822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.10749921202659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09275802969932556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/etfa46521.2020.9212021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa46521.2020.9212021","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 25th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:recipp.ipp.pt:10400.22/16376","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/16376","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401177","display_name":"Scientific Repository of the Polytechnic Institute of Porto (The Polytechnic Institute of Porto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83863532","host_organization_name":"Polytechnic Institute of Porto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83863532"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference object"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11219134","https://openalex.org/W1504059836","https://openalex.org/W1506500478","https://openalex.org/W1767780060","https://openalex.org/W1942111125","https://openalex.org/W1972757409","https://openalex.org/W1985939947","https://openalex.org/W2002394060","https://openalex.org/W2076946282","https://openalex.org/W2082443476","https://openalex.org/W2099940443","https://openalex.org/W2129624205","https://openalex.org/W2140832539","https://openalex.org/W2145049340","https://openalex.org/W2145736817","https://openalex.org/W2162853743","https://openalex.org/W2170044284","https://openalex.org/W2296509296","https://openalex.org/W2355617666","https://openalex.org/W2737120854","https://openalex.org/W2740051095","https://openalex.org/W2769239228","https://openalex.org/W2883831332","https://openalex.org/W2919064828","https://openalex.org/W2947672756","https://openalex.org/W2982189679","https://openalex.org/W2991510021","https://openalex.org/W2992699235","https://openalex.org/W4211158698","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300358774","https://openalex.org/W6630222908","https://openalex.org/W6683529541","https://openalex.org/W6770993423","https://openalex.org/W7055600934"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2962347518","https://openalex.org/W3123953333","https://openalex.org/W130230426","https://openalex.org/W2237732271","https://openalex.org/W2618984630","https://openalex.org/W4385626839","https://openalex.org/W1980323860","https://openalex.org/W2896746715","https://openalex.org/W4283702202","https://openalex.org/W3127782400"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cyber-Physical":[0],"Production":[1],"Systems":[2],"(CPPS)":[3],"are":[4],"key":[5],"enablers":[6],"for":[7,96,109,123],"industrial":[8,21,78],"and":[9,32,70,98,112,145],"economic":[10],"growth.":[11],"The":[12,156],"introduction":[13],"of":[14,17,90],"the":[15,28,37,45,49,64,93,127,135,167],"Internet":[16],"Things":[18],"(IoT)":[19],"in":[20,56,77],"processes":[22],"represents":[23],"a":[24,88,138,150],"new":[25],"revolution":[26],"towards":[27],"Smart":[29,104],"Manufacturing":[30],"oncept":[31],"is":[33,67,100],"usually":[34],"designated":[35],"as":[36],"4":[38],"<sup":[39],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[40],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">th</sup>":[41],"Industrial":[42],"Revolution.":[43],"Despite":[44],"huge":[46],"interest":[47],"from":[48],"industry":[50],"to":[51,58],"innovate":[52],"their":[53],"production":[54],"systems,":[55],"order":[57],"increase":[59],"revenues":[60],"at":[61],"lower":[62],"costs,":[63],"IoT":[65],"concept":[66],"still":[68],"immature":[69],"fuzzy,":[71],"which":[72],"increases":[73],"security":[74,110],"related":[75],"risks":[76],"systems.":[79],"Facing":[80],"this":[81],"paradigm":[82],"and,":[83],"since":[84],"CPPS":[85,154],"have":[86],"reached":[87],"level":[89],"complexity,":[91],"where":[92],"human":[94],"intervention":[95],"operation":[97],"control":[99],"becoming":[101],"increasingly":[102],"difficult,":[103],"Factories":[105],"require":[106],"autonomic":[107],"methodologies":[108],"management":[111],"self-healing.":[113],"This":[114],"paper":[115],"presents":[116],"an":[117],"Intrusion":[118],"Detection":[119],"System":[120],"(IDS)":[121],"approach":[122],"CPPS,":[124],"based":[125,153],"on":[126,149],"deterministic":[128],"Dendritic":[129],"Cell":[130],"Algorithm":[131],"(dDCA).":[132],"To":[133],"evaluate":[134],"dDCA":[136],"effectiveness,":[137],"testing":[139],"dataset":[140],"was":[141],"generated,":[142],"by":[143],"implementing":[144],"injecting":[146],"various":[147],"attacks":[148,161],"OPC":[151],"UA":[152],"testbed.":[155],"results":[157],"show":[158],"that":[159],"these":[160],"can":[162],"be":[163],"successfully":[164],"detected":[165],"using":[166],"dDCA.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}