{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216355653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa45728.2021.9613666","title":"Offloading Accelerator-intensive Workloads in CPU-GPU Heterogeneous Processors","display_name":"Offloading Accelerator-intensive Workloads in CPU-GPU Heterogeneous Processors","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216355653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa45728.2021.9613666","mag":"3216355653"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/etfa45728.2021.9613666","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa45728.2021.9613666","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 26th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA )","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063121783","display_name":"Nandinbaatar Tsog","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82509713","display_name":"M\u00e4lardalen University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vfbz75","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nandinbaatar Tsog","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Innovation, Design and Engineering M&#x00E4;lardalen University,V&#x00E4;ster&#x00E5;s,Sweden,721 23"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Innovation, Design and Engineering M&#x00E4;lardalen University,V&#x00E4;ster&#x00E5;s,Sweden,721 23","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026480732","display_name":"Saad Mubeen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3242-6113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82509713","display_name":"M\u00e4lardalen University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vfbz75","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saad Mubeen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Innovation, Design and Engineering M&#x00E4;lardalen University,V&#x00E4;ster&#x00E5;s,Sweden,721 23"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Innovation, Design and Engineering M&#x00E4;lardalen University,V&#x00E4;ster&#x00E5;s,Sweden,721 23","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102718160","display_name":"Fredrik Bruhn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8785-5380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82509713","display_name":"M\u00e4lardalen University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vfbz75","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fredrik Bruhn","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Innovation, Design and Engineering M&#x00E4;lardalen University,V&#x00E4;ster&#x00E5;s,Sweden,721 23"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Innovation, Design and Engineering M&#x00E4;lardalen University,V&#x00E4;ster&#x00E5;s,Sweden,721 23","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049223063","display_name":"Moris Behnam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1687-930X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82509713","display_name":"M\u00e4lardalen University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vfbz75","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moris Behnam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Innovation, Design and Engineering M&#x00E4;lardalen University,V&#x00E4;ster&#x00E5;s,Sweden,721 23"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Innovation, Design and Engineering M&#x00E4;lardalen University,V&#x00E4;ster&#x00E5;s,Sweden,721 23","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052013615","display_name":"Mikael Sj\u00f6din","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7586-0409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82509713","display_name":"M\u00e4lardalen University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vfbz75","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikael Sjodin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Innovation, Design and Engineering M&#x00E4;lardalen University,V&#x00E4;ster&#x00E5;s,Sweden,721 23"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Innovation, Design and Engineering M&#x00E4;lardalen University,V&#x00E4;ster&#x00E5;s,Sweden,721 23","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063121783"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6125,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8362776,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8920502662658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.6897574663162231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.600502073764801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-switch","display_name":"Context switch","score":0.547441840171814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-processing-unit","display_name":"Central processing unit","score":0.5203601717948914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.5043059587478638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.46768978238105774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4427409768104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symmetric-multiprocessor-system","display_name":"Symmetric multiprocessor system","score":0.4249374270439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.38108235597610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3628695607185364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.323813259601593}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8920502662658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.6897574663162231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.600502073764801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53833338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061424","display_name":"Context switch","level":2,"score":0.547441840171814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49154492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5300","display_name":"Central processing unit","level":2,"score":0.5203601717948914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.5043059587478638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.46768978238105774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4427409768104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172430144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17111997","display_name":"Symmetric multiprocessor system","level":2,"score":0.4249374270439148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.38108235597610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3628695607185364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.323813259601593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/etfa45728.2021.9613666","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa45728.2021.9613666","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 26th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA )","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321030","display_name":"VINNOVA","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd5m353"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W115476871","https://openalex.org/W191331148","https://openalex.org/W1497843251","https://openalex.org/W1552624537","https://openalex.org/W1651324627","https://openalex.org/W1923615342","https://openalex.org/W1969701927","https://openalex.org/W2025397485","https://openalex.org/W2064719857","https://openalex.org/W2072652898","https://openalex.org/W2076203715","https://openalex.org/W2080592089","https://openalex.org/W2092826427","https://openalex.org/W2120028254","https://openalex.org/W2134562154","https://openalex.org/W2134935059","https://openalex.org/W2141440050","https://openalex.org/W2143303748","https://openalex.org/W2289256051","https://openalex.org/W2476323929","https://openalex.org/W2570914145","https://openalex.org/W2623885517","https://openalex.org/W2757567891","https://openalex.org/W2811280016","https://openalex.org/W2884923139","https://openalex.org/W2887280043","https://openalex.org/W2900230409","https://openalex.org/W2994745979","https://openalex.org/W3007137837","https://openalex.org/W3036935721","https://openalex.org/W6604681715","https://openalex.org/W6636916521","https://openalex.org/W6774598357"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2595172197","https://openalex.org/W2084856301","https://openalex.org/W2330590072","https://openalex.org/W2350289853","https://openalex.org/W2546451654","https://openalex.org/W2593305490","https://openalex.org/W2381065588","https://openalex.org/W2391126280","https://openalex.org/W2735574481","https://openalex.org/W2001170981"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"vehicular":[1],"systems":[2],"require":[3],"computer":[4],"vision":[5],"and":[6,18,27],"intelligent":[7],"on-board":[8],"decision":[9],"making":[10],"functionalities":[11,32],"that":[12,89,151],"include":[13],"a":[14,64,86],"mix":[15],"of":[16,24,43,80,110,128,153,165],"sequential":[17],"parallel":[19],"workloads.":[20],"The":[21,139,147],"execution":[22],"times":[23],"the":[25,38,45,49,57,68,81,92,96,102,108,113,121,154,166,171],"workloads":[26,46,94,123],"power":[28],"consumption":[29],"in":[30,67,71,135,163],"these":[31],"can":[33,62,73,90,157],"be":[34],"lowered":[35],"by":[36,124],"utilizing":[37,125],"accelerators":[39,61,69,97],"(e.g.,":[40],"GPU)":[41],"instead":[42],"running":[44],"entirely":[47],"on":[48,78],"host":[50,104],"processing":[51,105,130],"units":[52,131],"(CPU).":[53],"However,":[54],"allocating":[55],"all":[56],"parallelizable":[58],"workload":[59],"to":[60,95,101,119,160,170],"create":[63],"computation":[65],"bottleneck":[66],"that,":[70],"turn,":[72],"have":[74],"an":[75],"adverse":[76],"effect":[77],"schedulability":[79,164],"systems.":[82],"This":[83],"paper":[84,114],"presents":[85],"novel":[87],"framework":[88],"allocate":[91],"accelerate-intensive":[93],"as":[98,100],"well":[99],"non-accelerated":[103,129],"units.":[106],"Within":[107],"context":[109],"this":[111],"framework,":[112],"introduces":[115],"five":[116],"offloading":[117],"techniques":[118,141,156],"mitigate":[120],"accelerator-intensive":[122],"excess":[126],"capacity":[127],"under":[132],"dynamic":[133],"scheduling":[134],"CPU-GPU":[136],"heterogeneous":[137],"processors.":[138],"proposed":[140,155],"are":[142],"evaluated":[143],"using":[144],"simulation":[145],"experiments.":[146],"evaluation":[148],"results":[149],"indicate":[150],"one":[152],"achieve":[158],"up":[159],"16%":[161],"improvement":[162],"task":[167],"sets":[168],"compared":[169],"traditional":[172],"non-offloading":[173],"technique.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-02-28T09:26:25.869077","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
