{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216943813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa45728.2021.9613594","title":"The Digital Twin of a System: A Structure for Networks of Digital Twins","display_name":"The Digital Twin of a System: A Structure for Networks of Digital Twins","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216943813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa45728.2021.9613594","mag":"3216943813"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/etfa45728.2021.9613594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa45728.2021.9613594","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 26th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA )","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052926592","display_name":"Leif- Thore Reiche","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157642","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/056qj1t15","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190134885","display_name":"Helmut Schmidt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04e8jbs38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190134885"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leif- Thore Reiche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helmut-Schmidt-University Hamburg Institute of Automation Technology,Hamburg,Germany","Helmut-Schmidt-University Hamburg Institute of Automation Technology, Hamburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmut-Schmidt-University Hamburg Institute of Automation Technology,Hamburg,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190134885"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmut-Schmidt-University Hamburg Institute of Automation Technology, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190134885","https://openalex.org/I4210157642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011470261","display_name":"Claas Steffen Gundlach","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157642","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/056qj1t15","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190134885","display_name":"Helmut Schmidt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04e8jbs38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190134885"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claas Steffen Gundlach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helmut-Schmidt-University Hamburg Institute of Automation Technology,Hamburg,Germany","Helmut-Schmidt-University Hamburg Institute of Automation Technology, Hamburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmut-Schmidt-University Hamburg Institute of Automation Technology,Hamburg,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190134885"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmut-Schmidt-University Hamburg Institute of Automation Technology, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190134885","https://openalex.org/I4210157642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026087511","display_name":"Gian Frederik Mewes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190134885","display_name":"Helmut Schmidt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04e8jbs38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190134885"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157642","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/056qj1t15","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gian Frederik Mewes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helmut-Schmidt-University Hamburg Institute of Automation Technology,Hamburg,Germany","Helmut-Schmidt-University Hamburg Institute of Automation Technology, Hamburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmut-Schmidt-University Hamburg Institute of Automation Technology,Hamburg,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190134885"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmut-Schmidt-University Hamburg Institute of Automation Technology, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190134885","https://openalex.org/I4210157642"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016841027","display_name":"Alexander Fay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1922-654X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157642","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/056qj1t15","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190134885","display_name":"Helmut Schmidt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04e8jbs38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190134885"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Fay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helmut-Schmidt-University Hamburg Institute of Automation Technology,Hamburg,Germany","Helmut-Schmidt-University Hamburg Institute of Automation Technology, Hamburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmut-Schmidt-University Hamburg Institute of Automation Technology,Hamburg,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190134885"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmut-Schmidt-University Hamburg Institute of Automation Technology, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190134885","https://openalex.org/I4210157642"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052926592"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190134885","https://openalex.org/I4210157642"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4269,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9608933,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11741","display_name":"Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14306","display_name":"Technology Assessment and Management","score":0.9682000279426575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6561106443405151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identical-twins","display_name":"Identical twins","score":0.5351064801216125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4623914957046509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09543469548225403}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6561106443405151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020537875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159979","display_name":"Identical twins","level":2,"score":0.5351064801216125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4623914957046509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09543469548225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/etfa45728.2021.9613594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa45728.2021.9613594","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 26th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA )","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043840449","https://openalex.org/W2482127302","https://openalex.org/W2890904471","https://openalex.org/W2904307031","https://openalex.org/W2912589244","https://openalex.org/W2966906878","https://openalex.org/W2977510036","https://openalex.org/W2982689699","https://openalex.org/W2982936646","https://openalex.org/W2984128306","https://openalex.org/W3001486781","https://openalex.org/W3012041784","https://openalex.org/W3034058523","https://openalex.org/W3092191899","https://openalex.org/W3111160188","https://openalex.org/W3130481660","https://openalex.org/W4246086479","https://openalex.org/W6770128870"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2130043461","https://openalex.org/W2530322880","https://openalex.org/W1596801655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1,89,112,137],"a":[2,9,47,53,63,69,73,101,108,125,135,146],"growing":[3],"interest":[4],"in":[5,52,97,107],"the":[6,22,28,31,40,121,131,142],"concept":[7,95],"of":[8,21,33,49,66,76,118,124,130,134,141,145],"Digital":[10,34,50,60,70,87,105,122,132,143],"Twin,":[11],"and":[12,14,24,55,78,150],"more":[13,15],"companies":[16],"want":[17],"to":[18,37,44,58,90,103],"take":[19],"advantage":[20],"benefits":[23],"demand":[25],"them":[26],"on":[27,62,72,157],"market.":[29],"As":[30],"number":[32],"Twins":[35,51,61,106],"continues":[36],"grow,":[38],"however,":[39],"question":[41],"arises":[42],"how":[43,57,79],"deal":[45],"with":[46],"multitude":[48],"factory,":[54],"especially":[56],"integrate":[59],"certain":[64],"level":[65,75],"detail":[67],"into":[68],"Twin":[71,88,123,133,144],"higher":[74],"abstractions,":[77],"these":[80],"networks":[81],"can":[82],"be":[83,91],"managed":[84],"if":[85],"each":[86],"considered":[92],"individually.":[93],"The":[94],"presented":[96],"this":[98,158],"paper":[99],"shows":[100],"possibility":[102],"combine":[104],"structured":[109],"network":[110],"which":[111],"controlled":[113],"by":[114],"one":[115],"single":[116],"point":[117],"truth,":[119],"called":[120],"System.":[126],"An":[127],"exemplary":[128],"application":[129],"System":[136,147],"presented.":[138],"Furthermore":[139],"advantages":[140],"are":[148,160],"introduced":[149],"discussed.":[151],"Finally":[152],"directions":[153],"for":[154],"future":[155],"research":[156],"topic":[159],"suggested.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}