{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215216146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa45728.2021.9613282","title":"Generative Adversarial Networks for spot weld design","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks for spot weld design","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215216146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa45728.2021.9613282","mag":"3215216146"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/etfa45728.2021.9613282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa45728.2021.9613282","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 26th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA )","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102870378","display_name":"Tobias Gerlach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9153-2680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332474105","display_name":"Mercedes-Benz (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/055rn2a38","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332474105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57589565","display_name":"Reutlingen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00q644y50","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57589565"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Gerlach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Reutlingen University, Mercedes-Benz AG, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9153-2680","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Reutlingen University, Mercedes-Benz AG, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332474105","https://openalex.org/I57589565"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085333378","display_name":"Derk Hendrik Dominick Eggink","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332474105","display_name":"Mercedes-Benz (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/055rn2a38","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332474105"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derk H.D. Eggink","raw_affiliation_strings":["IT Development Mercedes-Benz Vans, Mercedes-Benz AG, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7617-4213","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT Development Mercedes-Benz Vans, Mercedes-Benz AG, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332474105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3383,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55883962,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.7307896018028259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spot-welding","display_name":"Spot welding","score":0.6588167548179626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.6308344006538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6289960145950317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-design","display_name":"Generative Design","score":0.5248851180076599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5193303823471069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5149322152137756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.4877046048641205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4875447452068329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.46743905544281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4507104456424713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.4493022561073303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4240700304508209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39702850580215454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welding","display_name":"Welding","score":0.3966178297996521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2633635997772217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.09737098217010498}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.7307896018028259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110209231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2327972","display_name":"Spot welding","level":3,"score":0.6588167548179626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.6308344006538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6289960145950317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184408114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502022","display_name":"Generative Design","level":3,"score":0.5248851180076599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5193303823471069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5149322152137756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.4877046048641205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4875447452068329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.46743905544281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4507104456424713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.4493022561073303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4240700304508209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39702850580215454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19474535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131172","display_name":"Welding","level":2,"score":0.3966178297996521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2633635997772217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09737098217010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/etfa45728.2021.9613282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa45728.2021.9613282","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 26th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA )","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2159498975","https://openalex.org/W2203689348","https://openalex.org/W2401971606","https://openalex.org/W2560609797","https://openalex.org/W2769924599","https://openalex.org/W2784444963","https://openalex.org/W2810890761","https://openalex.org/W2887286934","https://openalex.org/W2888764088","https://openalex.org/W2899197122","https://openalex.org/W2952056941","https://openalex.org/W2956123861","https://openalex.org/W2957407072","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963344645","https://openalex.org/W2963890275","https://openalex.org/W2985060393","https://openalex.org/W2989855043","https://openalex.org/W2991302305","https://openalex.org/W3011628670","https://openalex.org/W3034262155","https://openalex.org/W3034600949","https://openalex.org/W3090469911","https://openalex.org/W3104490855","https://openalex.org/W3107547765","https://openalex.org/W3127284993","https://openalex.org/W4237590402","https://openalex.org/W4240805545","https://openalex.org/W4288350321","https://openalex.org/W4289674288","https://openalex.org/W4289710724","https://openalex.org/W4294643831","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6745560452","https://openalex.org/W6747179102","https://openalex.org/W6754129122","https://openalex.org/W6762009872","https://openalex.org/W6762277082","https://openalex.org/W6763422710"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4320018150","https://openalex.org/W4301024388","https://openalex.org/W2040808657","https://openalex.org/W4239582170","https://openalex.org/W2918664383","https://openalex.org/W106056076","https://openalex.org/W4320855730","https://openalex.org/W2135200719","https://openalex.org/W4391334978","https://openalex.org/W775311126"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Joining":[0],"element":[1],"and":[2,16,28,105],"assembly":[3],"design":[4,60],"remain":[5],"largely":[6],"a":[7,73,88],"manual":[8],"process.":[9],"This":[10,70],"increases":[11],"risks":[12],"of":[13,56,90,103],"more":[14],"costly":[15],"longer":[17],"development":[18],"trajectories.":[19],"Current":[20],"automation":[21,61],"solutions":[22],"do":[23],"not":[24],"consider":[25],"historical":[26],"data":[27],"traditional":[29],"machine":[30],"learning":[31],"approaches":[32],"have":[33],"limitations.":[34],"Meanwhile,":[35],"generative":[36,81,119],"adversary":[37],"networks":[38,121],"became":[39],"benchmark":[40],"methodologies":[41],"to":[42,64,75,92],"perform":[43],"generation":[44],"tasks":[45],"in":[46,50],"computer":[47],"vision.":[48],"Products":[49],"manufacturing":[51,107],"industry":[52],"may":[53],"contain":[54],"thousands":[55],"spot":[57,77,124],"welds,":[58],"thus":[59],"enables":[62],"engineers":[63],"focus":[65],"on":[66,128],"their":[67],"core":[68],"competencies.":[69],"work":[71],"presents":[72],"methodology":[74],"predict":[76,93,123],"weld":[78,125],"locations":[79],"using":[80],"adversarial":[82,120],"networks.":[83],"A":[84],"2D-based":[85],"approach":[86],"implements":[87],"variant":[89],"StarGAN_v2":[91],"locations.":[94],"It":[95],"uses":[96],"domain-based":[97],"prediction":[98],"concepts":[99],"that":[100,118],"integrate":[101],"clustering":[102],"geometrical":[104],"product":[106],"information,":[108],"as":[109,111],"well":[110],"reference":[112],"guided":[113],"style":[114],"generation.":[115],"Results":[116],"indicate":[117],"can":[122],"positions":[126],"based":[127],"2D":[129],"image":[130],"data.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}