{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3214859761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa45728.2021.9613280","title":"Optimal control of building energy systems with multiple energy sources using predictive model based control and reinforcement learning","display_name":"Optimal control of building energy systems with multiple energy sources using predictive model based control and reinforcement learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3214859761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa45728.2021.9613280","mag":"3214859761"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/etfa45728.2021.9613280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa45728.2021.9613280","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 26th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA )","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022168312","display_name":"Chenzi Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095661","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems EAS","ror":"https://ror.org/00s5yp124","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095661","https://openalex.org/I4210124274","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chenzi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems EAS, Fraunhofer Institute of Integrated Circuits IIS, Dresden, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems EAS, Fraunhofer Institute of Integrated Circuits IIS, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095661"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069825485","display_name":"Xuehua Jia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095661","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems EAS","ror":"https://ror.org/00s5yp124","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095661","https://openalex.org/I4210124274","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuehua Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems EAS, Fraunhofer Institute of Integrated Circuits IIS, Dresden, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems EAS, Fraunhofer Institute of Integrated Circuits IIS, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095661"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054274581","display_name":"Stephan Seidel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4203-0884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095661","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems EAS","ror":"https://ror.org/00s5yp124","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095661","https://openalex.org/I4210124274","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephan Seidel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems EAS, Fraunhofer Institute of Integrated Circuits IIS, Dresden, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems EAS, Fraunhofer Institute of Integrated Circuits IIS, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095661"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013783217","display_name":"Fabian Paschke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095661","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems EAS","ror":"https://ror.org/00s5yp124","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095661","https://openalex.org/I4210124274","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabian Paschke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems EAS, Fraunhofer Institute of Integrated Circuits IIS, Dresden, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems EAS, Fraunhofer Institute of Integrated Circuits IIS, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095661"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017080266","display_name":"Jan Br\u00e4unig","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095661","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems EAS","ror":"https://ror.org/00s5yp124","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095661","https://openalex.org/I4210124274","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Braunig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems EAS, Fraunhofer Institute of Integrated Circuits IIS, Dresden, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division Engineering of Adaptive Systems EAS, Fraunhofer Institute of Integrated Circuits IIS, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095661"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022168312"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095661"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14133676,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11954","display_name":"Energy Efficiency and Management","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-predictive-control","display_name":"Model predictive control","score":0.8482592701911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8081847429275513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7023719549179077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6593644618988037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5967356562614441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.5848749279975891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5646696090698242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.4671363830566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.44426313042640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4434615671634674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4405534267425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.4181559681892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4127398133277893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3253241777420044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2747955024242401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22253164649009705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09762385487556458}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.8482592701911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8081847429275513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7023719549179077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6593644618988037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5967356562614441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.5848749279975891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5646696090698242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.4671363830566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.44426313042640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4434615671634674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4405534267425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.4181559681892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4127398133277893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3253241777420044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2747955024242401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22253164649009705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09762385487556458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/etfa45728.2021.9613280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa45728.2021.9613280","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 26th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA )","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-646481","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-646481.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400801","display_name":"Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer EAS","raw_type":"conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/417189","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/417189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973630035","https://openalex.org/W1982705082","https://openalex.org/W1987725948","https://openalex.org/W2001960389","https://openalex.org/W2012433278","https://openalex.org/W2019348145","https://openalex.org/W2026461811","https://openalex.org/W2050856428","https://openalex.org/W2055134499","https://openalex.org/W2066294299","https://openalex.org/W2071722440","https://openalex.org/W2143344495","https://openalex.org/W2155556726","https://openalex.org/W2789880759","https://openalex.org/W2795237036","https://openalex.org/W2809705500","https://openalex.org/W2810910934","https://openalex.org/W2899067383","https://openalex.org/W2909510634","https://openalex.org/W2964657419","https://openalex.org/W2970867695","https://openalex.org/W3031018183","https://openalex.org/W3166044446","https://openalex.org/W6663225213","https://openalex.org/W6768158699"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990079087","https://openalex.org/W2060165215","https://openalex.org/W2101188133","https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W3202234113","https://openalex.org/W4248731570","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4380318855","https://openalex.org/W179829755"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,85],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"the":[3,23,36,71,76,89,102,117,135],"control":[4,42,49,73],"of":[5,60,70,75],"building":[6,63],"energy":[7,11,24,27,38,58,67,77,128],"systems":[8],"with":[9,64],"multiple":[10],"sources":[12,31],"and":[13,26,44,53,114,130],"storages":[14],"are":[15,51,124],"analysed.":[16],"The":[17],"goal":[18],"is":[19,99,112],"to":[20,34,56,87,116,126],"efficiently":[21,91],"coordinate":[22],"production":[25],"distribution":[28],"from":[29],"different":[30,65],"in":[32,120],"order":[33,86],"minimize":[35],"overall":[37],"consumption.":[39],"Model":[40],"predictive":[41,104],"(MPC)":[43],"reinforcement":[45,108],"learning":[46,109],"(RL)":[47],"based":[48,110],"approaches":[50],"proposed":[52],"exemplarily":[54],"applied":[55],"an":[57],"system":[59,78],"a":[61,79,94,107],"residential":[62],"renewable":[66],"sources.":[68],"Because":[69],"binary":[72],"inputs":[74],"nonconvex":[80],"integer":[81],"optimisation":[82,96],"problem":[83,90],"arises.":[84],"solve":[88],"we":[92],"apply":[93],"combined":[95],"method":[97],"that":[98],"integrated":[100],"into":[101],"model":[103],"controller.":[105],"Furthermore,":[106],"approach":[111],"developed":[113],"compared":[115],"MPC":[118],"controller":[119],"detail.":[121],"Both":[122],"methods":[123],"able":[125],"decrease":[127],"consumption":[129],"keep":[131],"thermal":[132],"comfort":[133],"at":[134],"same":[136],"time.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
