{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1919800645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2015.7301567","title":"Economic optimization in Virtual Power Plants vs. stable grid operation—bridging the gap","display_name":"Economic optimization in Virtual Power Plants vs. stable grid operation—bridging the gap","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1919800645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2015.7301567","mag":"1919800645"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/etfa.2015.7301567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2015.7301567","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE 20th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022616340","display_name":"Richard Kuntschke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard Kuntschke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens AG, Munich, Germany","[SIEMENS AG, Munich, Germany]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens AG, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[SIEMENS AG, Munich, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082035639","display_name":"Michael Specht","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202367325","display_name":"Oldenburger Institut f\u00fcr Informatik","ror":"https://ror.org/003sav189","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202367325"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Specht","raw_affiliation_strings":["OFFIS - Institute for Information Technology, Oldenburg, Germany","OFFIS\u2014Institute for Information Technology, Oldenburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OFFIS - Institute for Information Technology, Oldenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202367325"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"OFFIS\u2014Institute for Information Technology, Oldenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202367325"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089930573","display_name":"Marie van Amelsvoort","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202367325","display_name":"Oldenburger Institut f\u00fcr Informatik","ror":"https://ror.org/003sav189","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202367325"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marie van Amelsvoort","raw_affiliation_strings":["OFFIS - Institute for Information Technology, Oldenburg, Germany","OFFIS\u2014Institute for Information Technology, Oldenburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OFFIS - Institute for Information Technology, Oldenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202367325"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"OFFIS\u2014Institute for Information Technology, Oldenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202367325"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064778595","display_name":"Marco Wagler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Wagler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universitat Munchen, Munich, Germany","Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Munich Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universitat Munchen, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Munich Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000203192","display_name":"Martin Winter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4176-5811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Winter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens AG, Munich, Germany","[SIEMENS AG, Munich, Germany]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens AG, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[SIEMENS AG, Munich, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000410178","display_name":"Rolf Witzmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rolf Witzmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universitat Munchen, Munich, Germany","Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Munich Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universitat Munchen, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Munich Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022616340"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7891,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75629148,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.7514791488647461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-power-plant","display_name":"Virtual power plant","score":0.7166756391525269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.6380988955497742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.6234033107757568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5263164043426514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.46137818694114685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.40286874771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3674888610839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.34720635414123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.25464433431625366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.21697452664375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.15214955806732178}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.7514791488647461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776033628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q785102","display_name":"Virtual power plant","level":4,"score":0.7166756391525269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.6380988955497742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.6234033107757568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5263164043426514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.46137818694114685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.40286874771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3674888610839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.34720635414123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.25464433431625366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.21697452664375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.15214955806732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/etfa.2015.7301567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2015.7301567","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE 20th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1664986634","https://openalex.org/W1939687578","https://openalex.org/W1973117420","https://openalex.org/W2139851820","https://openalex.org/W2497374764","https://openalex.org/W2502334722","https://openalex.org/W4298768441","https://openalex.org/W6724555870"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2981338881","https://openalex.org/W2593427583","https://openalex.org/W2007208597","https://openalex.org/W2546709070","https://openalex.org/W2042050584","https://openalex.org/W2462816660","https://openalex.org/W2942888652","https://openalex.org/W2038934388","https://openalex.org/W2136076430","https://openalex.org/W3169637305"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,57],"nowadays":[1],"Smart":[2,25],"Grids,":[3],"economic":[4,41],"optimizations":[5],"performed":[6,43],"by":[7,19,44,51,111],"Virtual":[8],"Power":[9],"Plants":[10],"(VPPs)":[11],"may":[12],"interfere":[13],"with":[14],"stable":[15,47,106],"grid":[16,48,107],"operation":[17,49,96,108],"required":[18,50,110],"Distribution":[20],"System":[21],"Operators":[22],"(DSOs).":[23],"Since":[24],"Grids":[26],"and":[27,46,66,71,81,105],"VPPs":[28,45,70,104],"are":[29,113],"important":[30,55],"building":[31],"blocks":[32],"of":[33,83,88,97],"future":[34],"energy":[35,99],"systems,":[36],"bridging":[37],"the":[38,79],"gap":[39],"between":[40],"optimization":[42],"DSOs":[52,72,112],"is":[53],"an":[54],"task.":[56],"this":[58],"paper,":[59],"we":[60],"present":[61],"a":[62,67,90,116],"fundamental":[63],"system":[64],"architecture":[65],"concept":[68],"enabling":[69],"to":[73,77],"negotiate":[74],"their":[75],"positions":[76],"satisfy":[78],"needs":[80],"requirements":[82],"both":[84],"sides.":[85],"Thus,":[86],"instead":[87],"being":[89],"potential":[91],"interference":[92],"factor,":[93],"economically":[94],"sensible":[95],"distributed":[98],"resources":[100],"(DERs)":[101],"organized":[102],"in":[103,115],"as":[109],"integrated":[114],"common":[117],"solution.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}