{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2535144482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2014.7005184","title":"Co-simulation of a dynamic process simulator and an event-based control system: Case district heating system","display_name":"Co-simulation of a dynamic process simulator and an event-based control system: Case district heating system","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2535144482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2014.7005184","mag":"2535144482"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/etfa.2014.7005184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2014.7005184","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Emerging Technology and Factory Automation (ETFA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055496354","display_name":"Heikki Nikula","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1410-4970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heikki Nikula","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081515133","display_name":"Eero Vesaoja","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eero Vesaoja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036831094","display_name":"Seppo Sierla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0402-315X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seppo Sierla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033732428","display_name":"Tommi Karhela","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6682-1229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tommi Karhela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052591090","display_name":"Paul G. Flikkema","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2985-7895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul G. Flikkema","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042618949","display_name":"Antti Aikala","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antti Aikala","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063003794","display_name":"Tuomas Miettinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3096-1550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuomas Miettinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081176735","display_name":"Chen-Wei Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0075-1608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen-Wei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, Lule\u00e5, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, Lule\u00e5, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0647,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81746439,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.7143136262893677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.6917048096656799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.6238834261894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5918029546737671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.5756972432136536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5422729849815369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-simulation","display_name":"Dynamic simulation","score":0.5388312935829163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co-simulation","display_name":"Co-simulation","score":0.5376781821250916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5072152614593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heating-system","display_name":"Heating system","score":0.5032054781913757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.47202935814857483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-control","display_name":"Process control","score":0.4626956582069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.32874470949172974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2714044451713562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.13938355445861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13303861021995544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11113601922988892}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.7143136262893677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.6917048096656799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.6238834261894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5918029546737671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.5756972432136536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5422729849815369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149808339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5319019","display_name":"Dynamic simulation","level":2,"score":0.5388312935829163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780974030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16951926","display_name":"Co-simulation","level":2,"score":0.5376781821250916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5072152614593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777154459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429341","display_name":"Heating system","level":2,"score":0.5032054781913757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.47202935814857483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155386361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1649571","display_name":"Process control","level":3,"score":0.4626956582069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.32874470949172974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2714044451713562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13938355445861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13303861021995544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11113601922988892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/etfa.2014.7005184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/etfa.2014.7005184","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Emerging Technology and Factory Automation (ETFA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W383119822","https://openalex.org/W905185504","https://openalex.org/W1971084949","https://openalex.org/W1987319984","https://openalex.org/W1996865263","https://openalex.org/W2007260076","https://openalex.org/W2008546085","https://openalex.org/W2017413004","https://openalex.org/W2023229838","https://openalex.org/W2031749178","https://openalex.org/W2044067374","https://openalex.org/W2047700860","https://openalex.org/W2067749804","https://openalex.org/W2070748619","https://openalex.org/W2071390636","https://openalex.org/W2074103996","https://openalex.org/W2077056224","https://openalex.org/W2078490851","https://openalex.org/W2083097871","https://openalex.org/W2112451693","https://openalex.org/W2115188273","https://openalex.org/W2140255110","https://openalex.org/W2147999586","https://openalex.org/W2156832568","https://openalex.org/W2172020026","https://openalex.org/W2553505860","https://openalex.org/W2616635582","https://openalex.org/W2922870434","https://openalex.org/W3144239662","https://openalex.org/W4255394020","https://openalex.org/W6624144327","https://openalex.org/W6668383116","https://openalex.org/W6738168435"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981274070","https://openalex.org/W2963068425","https://openalex.org/W4293080821","https://openalex.org/W3003883699","https://openalex.org/W2362857712","https://openalex.org/W2809837923","https://openalex.org/W2382838460","https://openalex.org/W2516362975","https://openalex.org/W2782012446","https://openalex.org/W2375977263"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"smart":[1],"electric":[2],"grid":[3,59],"incorporating":[4],"local":[5],"generation":[6],"and":[7,46,99],"storage":[8],"is":[9,86,106],"an":[10,80,100],"area":[11],"of":[12,68,76],"active":[13],"research":[14],"in":[15,29,40,44,56],"the":[16,65,73,109],"industrial":[17],"automation":[18,75],"community.":[19],"Very":[20],"little":[21],"attention":[22],"has":[23],"been":[24],"given":[25],"to":[26,108],"similar":[27],"possibilities":[28,52],"hot":[30],"water":[31],"grids":[32],"that":[33],"are":[34,60],"used":[35],"extensively":[36],"for":[37,53,94],"district":[38,110],"heating":[39,111],"several":[41,77],"countries,":[42],"especially":[43],"Central":[45],"Northern":[47],"Europe.":[48],"In":[49],"this":[50],"paper,":[51],"heat":[54],"trade":[55],"such":[57,69],"a":[58,70,91,95],"investigated":[61],"through":[62],"simulation,":[63],"considering":[64],"thermo-hydraulic":[66],"properties":[67],"grid.":[71],"For":[72],"distributed":[74],"independent":[78],"producer-consumers,":[79],"event":[81,101],"based":[82,102],"IEC":[83],"61499":[84],"solution":[85],"presented.":[87],"The":[88],"paper":[89],"proposes":[90],"co-simulation":[92],"environment":[93],"dynamic":[96],"process":[97],"simulator":[98],"control":[103],"system,":[104],"which":[105],"applied":[107],"case.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
