{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2073880297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/estimedia.2011.6088525","title":"Shadow-based vehicle model refinement and tracking in advanced automotive driver assistance systems","display_name":"Shadow-based vehicle model refinement and tracking in advanced automotive driver assistance systems","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2073880297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/estimedia.2011.6088525","mag":"2073880297"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/estimedia.2011.6088525","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/estimedia.2011.6088525","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 9th IEEE Symposium on Embedded Systems for Real-Time Multimedia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://mediatum.ub.tum.de/node?id=1092602","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111817085","display_name":"Florian Rattei","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Florian Rattei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Real-Time Computer Systems, TU Munich, Germany","Institute for Real-time Computer Systems, TU Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Real-Time Computer Systems, TU Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Real-time Computer Systems, TU Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023565335","display_name":"Philipp H. Kindt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6962-5987"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Kindt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Real-Time Computer Systems, TU Munich, Germany","Institute for Real-time Computer Systems, TU Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Real-Time Computer Systems, TU Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Real-time Computer Systems, TU Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031283419","display_name":"Alma Pr\u00f6bstl","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alma Probstl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Real-Time Computer Systems, TU Munich, Germany","Institute for Real-time Computer Systems, TU Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Real-Time Computer Systems, TU Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Real-time Computer Systems, TU Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100737286","display_name":"Samarjit Chakraborty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0503-6235"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samarjit Chakraborty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Real-Time Computer Systems, TU Munich, Germany","Institute for Real-time Computer Systems, TU Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Real-Time Computer Systems, TU Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Real-time Computer Systems, TU Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111817085"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.016,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80192117,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"46","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","score":0.8236919641494751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7345662117004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.7171260118484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6772105693817139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-tracking-system","display_name":"Vehicle tracking system","score":0.6203954815864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.6168740391731262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5613723993301392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-driver-assistance-systems","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","score":0.5570213794708252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","score":0.543424129486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5001401901245117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.49460145831108093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.46131324768066406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-system","display_name":"Tracking system","score":0.4482017159461975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-dynamics","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","score":0.43026962876319885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.42200979590415955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3203800916671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.2807656228542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1709156036376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.13385453820228577}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.8236919641494751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7345662117004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.7171260118484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6772105693817139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84119951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3498530","display_name":"Vehicle tracking system","level":3,"score":0.6203954815864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.6168740391731262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5613723993301392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.5570213794708252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.543424129486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5001401901245117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.49460145831108093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.46131324768066406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.4482017159461975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79487989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934680","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","level":2,"score":0.43026962876319885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42200979590415955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3203800916671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.2807656228542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1709156036376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.13385453820228577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/estimedia.2011.6088525","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/estimedia.2011.6088525","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 9th IEEE Symposium on Embedded Systems for Real-Time Multimedia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1092602","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://mediatum.ub.tum.de/node?id=1092602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400453","display_name":"mediaTUM \u2013 the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1092602","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://mediatum.ub.tum.de/node?id=1092602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400453","display_name":"mediaTUM \u2013 the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522426696","https://openalex.org/W1539530762","https://openalex.org/W1972938379","https://openalex.org/W1998270967","https://openalex.org/W2040979046","https://openalex.org/W2096989099","https://openalex.org/W2107921474","https://openalex.org/W2121609266","https://openalex.org/W2171330332","https://openalex.org/W2416260609","https://openalex.org/W3005308876","https://openalex.org/W6632415925","https://openalex.org/W6675975818","https://openalex.org/W6716480255"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2803307304","https://openalex.org/W3176389629","https://openalex.org/W2063933439","https://openalex.org/W2800523621","https://openalex.org/W3011975694","https://openalex.org/W4379467923","https://openalex.org/W2339054183","https://openalex.org/W2904294069","https://openalex.org/W24636857","https://openalex.org/W2586528042"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vision-based":[0],"automotive":[1],"driver":[2],"assistance":[3],"systems":[4,72],"have":[5],"to":[6,31,86,97,106,122,144],"cope":[7],"with":[8],"complex":[9],"outdoor":[10],"illumination":[11],"conditions.":[12],"Many":[13],"applications":[14],"for":[15,53],"vehicle":[16,54,90,109],"detection":[17],"and":[18,29,57,125],"tracking":[19],"consider":[20],"shadows":[21,48,81],"caused":[22],"by":[23],"the":[24,61,64,135,151],"sunlight":[25],"as":[26,49],"distracting":[27],"effects":[28],"try":[30],"computationally":[32],"compensate":[33],"or":[34],"disregard":[35],"them.":[36],"In":[37,138],"this":[38],"paper":[39],"we":[40,68,119],"suggest":[41],"a":[42,83,99,108],"shape-from-shadow":[43],"approach":[44],"which":[45],"uses":[46],"cast":[47],"additional":[50],"supporting":[51],"information":[52],"model":[55],"refinement":[56],"tracking.":[58,91],"To":[59],"take":[60],"position":[62],"of":[63,130],"sun":[65],"into":[66],"account":[67],"only":[69],"use":[70],"sensor":[71],"that":[73,118],"mid-range":[74],"vehicles":[75,131,148],"are":[76,120],"normally":[77],"equipped":[78],"with.":[79],"Analysing":[80],"is":[82,104,117,142],"suitable":[84],"method":[85],"support":[87],"rear-view":[88],"based":[89,111],"A":[92],"vehicle's":[93],"shadow":[94],"turned":[95],"out":[96],"be":[98],"strong":[100],"feature":[101],"since":[102],"it":[103,141],"possible":[105,143],"track":[107,146],"solely":[110],"on":[112,150],"its":[113],"shadow.":[114],"Another":[115],"benefit":[116],"able":[121],"set":[123],"up":[124],"refine":[126],"three-dimensional":[127],"shape":[128],"models":[129],"driving":[132,149],"ahead":[133],"in":[134],"same":[136,152],"lane.":[137],"selected":[139],"situations":[140],"visually":[145],"two":[147],"lane":[153],"one":[154],"after":[155],"another.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
