{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2986348721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/essderc.2019.8901694","title":"Review of candidate devices for neuromorphic applications","display_name":"Review of candidate devices for neuromorphic applications","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2986348721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/essderc.2019.8901694","mag":"2986348721"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/essderc.2019.8901694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/essderc.2019.8901694","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ESSDERC 2019 - 49th European Solid-State Device Research Conference (ESSDERC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100423381","display_name":"Jong\u2010Ho Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3559-9802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jong-Ho Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Seoul,Korea","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062245499","display_name":"Sung Yun Woo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0857-3183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung Yun Woo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Seoul,Korea","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025315537","display_name":"Sung\u2010Tae Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7298-4382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung-Tae Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Seoul,Korea","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079841922","display_name":"Suhwan Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3578-5488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suhwan Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Seoul,Korea","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041769073","display_name":"Won-Mook Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1812-3407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Won-Mook Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Seoul,Korea","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046160138","display_name":"Young-Tak Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3970-4876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young-Tak Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Seoul,Korea","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040064861","display_name":"Soochang Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7554-143X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soochang Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Seoul,Korea","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039840536","display_name":"Dongseok Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7676-8938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongseok Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Seoul,Korea","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008795949","display_name":"Seongbin Oh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4470-0554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seongbin Oh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Seoul,Korea","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082504137","display_name":"Yoohyun Noh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4150-8524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoohyun Noh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Seoul,Korea","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101740438","display_name":"Hyeongsu Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4157-5340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyeongsu Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Seoul,Korea","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041784748","display_name":"Jangsaeng Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jangsaeng Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Seoul,Korea","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021913940","display_name":"Jong\u2010Ho Bae","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1786-7132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jong-Ho Bae","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Seoul,Korea","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100423381"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.363,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62442889,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"22","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.8669217824935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6583653688430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3428138494491577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3163014054298401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.21767884492874146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.8669217824935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6583653688430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3428138494491577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3163014054298401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.21767884492874146}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/essderc.2019.8901694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/essderc.2019.8901694","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ESSDERC 2019 - 49th European Solid-State Device Research Conference (ESSDERC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:s-space.snu.ac.kr:10371/186946","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10371/186946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401345","display_name":"Seoul National University Open Repository (Seoul National University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","host_organization_name":"Seoul National University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1946546377","https://openalex.org/W1995284765","https://openalex.org/W2014402164","https://openalex.org/W2018999650","https://openalex.org/W2030834420","https://openalex.org/W2049919938","https://openalex.org/W2058066847","https://openalex.org/W2076239964","https://openalex.org/W2091777687","https://openalex.org/W2100946869","https://openalex.org/W2107012212","https://openalex.org/W2120557145","https://openalex.org/W2122385907","https://openalex.org/W2162279286","https://openalex.org/W2281842320","https://openalex.org/W2297862270","https://openalex.org/W2507278625","https://openalex.org/W2563540017","https://openalex.org/W2622420600","https://openalex.org/W2755259986","https://openalex.org/W2781863501","https://openalex.org/W2785141883","https://openalex.org/W2792609421","https://openalex.org/W2795284004","https://openalex.org/W2798109269","https://openalex.org/W2807750997","https://openalex.org/W2883137302","https://openalex.org/W2885334747","https://openalex.org/W2902814817","https://openalex.org/W2912035255","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W3099743262","https://openalex.org/W4246252528"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3031505884","https://openalex.org/W2951049725","https://openalex.org/W4285308918","https://openalex.org/W2971712727","https://openalex.org/W4387459935","https://openalex.org/W2908450434","https://openalex.org/W3193008624","https://openalex.org/W4382561696","https://openalex.org/W2581119583","https://openalex.org/W3015991694"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"intelligence":[1,34],"technology":[2,15,112],"has":[3],"attracted":[4],"much":[5],"attention":[6],"in":[7],"recent":[8],"years,":[9],"and":[10,49,62,97,109],"technological":[11],"progress":[12],"of":[13,21,60,66,87],"this":[14],"is":[16],"anticipated":[17],"with":[18,35,46],"the":[19,57,64,85],"development":[20],"semiconductor":[22,36],"technology.":[23,38],"This":[24],"talk":[25],"focuses":[26],"on":[27,78],"synaptic":[28,40,79,107],"mimic":[29],"devices":[30,41,71,81],"to":[31],"realize":[32],"artificial":[33],"memory":[37,90],"These":[39],"affect":[42],"cognitive":[43],"accuracy":[44],"along":[45,100],"conductance":[47],"quantization":[48],"architecture.":[50],"Therefore,":[51],"we":[52,76,93],"will":[53,113],"first":[54],"discuss":[55,94],"from":[56],"architectural":[58],"point":[59],"view":[61],"examine":[63],"characteristics":[65],"candidates":[67],"for":[68,106],"various":[69],"synapse":[70],"being":[72],"reported.":[73],"In":[74],"particular,":[75],"concentrate":[77],"imitation":[80],"that":[82],"creatively":[83],"use":[84],"functions":[86],"several":[88],"flash":[89],"devices.":[91],"Finally,":[92],"device":[95],"variation":[96],"IR":[98],"drop":[99],"metal":[101],"wires":[102],"as":[103],"common":[104],"challenges":[105],"devices,":[108],"how":[110],"neuromorphic":[111],"evolve.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}