{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387411137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc59616.2023.10268793","title":"A Scalable Multi-Chip Self-Aligning Ka-Band Phased Array","display_name":"A Scalable Multi-Chip Self-Aligning Ka-Band Phased Array","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387411137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc59616.2023.10268793"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/esscirc59616.2023.10268793","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esscirc59616.2023.10268793","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ESSCIRC 2023- IEEE 49th European Solid State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065579850","display_name":"Ruixing He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9333-9614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101327","display_name":"Twin Cities Orthopedics","ror":"https://ror.org/01en4s460","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruixing He","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota, Twin Cities,Department of ECE,Minneapolis,USA","Department of ECE, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Twin Cities,Department of ECE,Minneapolis,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327","https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327","https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093018934","display_name":"Alireza Rouhafza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8244-7046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101327","display_name":"Twin Cities Orthopedics","ror":"https://ror.org/01en4s460","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Rouhafza","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota, Twin Cities,Department of ECE,Minneapolis,USA","Department of ECE, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Twin Cities,Department of ECE,Minneapolis,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327","https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327","https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059043955","display_name":"Yahya Tousi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7857-355X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101327","display_name":"Twin Cities Orthopedics","ror":"https://ror.org/01en4s460","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yahya Tousi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota, Twin Cities,Department of ECE,Minneapolis,USA","Department of ECE, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Twin Cities,Department of ECE,Minneapolis,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327","https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327","https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065579850"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516","https://openalex.org/I4210101327"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1339,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45136531,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"461","last_page":"464"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-array","display_name":"Phased array","score":0.8798646330833435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6530754566192627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.6176020503044128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-steering","display_name":"Beam steering","score":0.5852879285812378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-module","display_name":"Phase shift module","score":0.5286365747451782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-array-optics","display_name":"Phased-array optics","score":0.49910426139831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.4921678900718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4847080707550049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.4844267666339874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.46441975235939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39256900548934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3671085238456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.34552180767059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2761310935020447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.27590659260749817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25655633211135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20715081691741943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.1827392280101776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.17114096879959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insertion-loss","display_name":"Insertion loss","score":0.14542773365974426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.8798646330833435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6530754566192627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.6176020503044128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.5852879285812378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103864889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4480524","display_name":"Phase shift module","level":3,"score":0.5286365747451782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193860024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180973","display_name":"Phased-array optics","level":4,"score":0.49910426139831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4921678900718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4847080707550049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4844267666339874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.46441975235939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39256900548934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3671085238456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.34552180767059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2761310935020447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.27590659260749817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25655633211135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20715081691741943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.1827392280101776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.17114096879959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90327742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947396","display_name":"Insertion loss","level":2,"score":0.14542773365974426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/esscirc59616.2023.10268793","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esscirc59616.2023.10268793","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ESSCIRC 2023- IEEE 49th European Solid State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2292034224","https://openalex.org/W2964876025","https://openalex.org/W3113231815","https://openalex.org/W4291910431","https://openalex.org/W6697136092","https://openalex.org/W6842160881"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048938327","https://openalex.org/W4290716467","https://openalex.org/W174322327","https://openalex.org/W1992442161","https://openalex.org/W2005613467","https://openalex.org/W2120290218","https://openalex.org/W2993230840","https://openalex.org/W4317792916","https://openalex.org/W2386749714","https://openalex.org/W2165111252"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1,114],"presents":[2,115],"a":[3,26,74,103],"scalable":[4,118],"phased":[5,40,124],"array":[6,28,41,72],"architecture":[7],"based":[8],"on":[9],"background":[10],"phase":[11,22,84,92],"alignment":[12],"between":[13,33,87],"its":[14],"nearest":[15],"neighbors.":[16,89],"We":[17],"implement":[18],"the":[19,54,63,108,116],"proposed":[20],"interferometric":[21],"monitoring":[23],"scheme":[24],"in":[25,53],"multi-chip":[27],"configuration":[29],"with":[30,81],"chip-to-chip":[31],"bonding":[32],"adjacent":[34,88],"modules.":[35],"The":[36,59,71,90],"prototype":[37],"$1\\times":[38],"7$":[39],"consists":[42],"of":[43,62,110],"7":[44],"transmitter":[45,91],"chips":[46,50],"and":[47,68,100,120],"6":[48],"control":[49],"all":[51],"fabricated":[52],"TSMC":[55],"$65\\mathrm{n}\\mathrm{m}$":[56],"CMOS":[57],"process.":[58],"die":[60],"areas":[61],"two":[64],"modules":[65],"are":[66],"$0.86\\mathrm{m}\\mathrm{m}^{2}$":[67],"$0.41\\mathrm{m}\\mathrm{m}^{2}$,":[69],"respectively.":[70],"demonstrates":[73],"measured":[75,83],"\u00b1":[76],"30\u00b0":[77],"beam":[78,121],"steering":[79,122],"consistent":[80],"210\u00b0":[82],"tuning":[85],"range":[86],"noise":[93],"is-114.6dBc/Hz":[94],"at":[95,98],"1MHz":[96],"offset":[97],"30GHz":[99],"operates":[101],"across":[102],"16.7%":[104],"fractional":[105],"bandwidth.":[106],"To":[107],"best":[109],"our":[111],"knowledge,":[112],"this":[113],"first":[117],"self-aligning":[119],"mm-wave":[123],"array.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-25T23:11:45.687758","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
