{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387411214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc59616.2023.10268752","title":"A 12.5-ppm/\u00b0C 1.086-nW/kHz Relaxation Oscillator with Clock-Gated Discrete-Time Comparator in 22nm CMOS Technology","display_name":"A 12.5-ppm/\u00b0C 1.086-nW/kHz Relaxation Oscillator with Clock-Gated Discrete-Time Comparator in 22nm CMOS Technology","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387411214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc59616.2023.10268752"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/esscirc59616.2023.10268752","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc59616.2023.10268752","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ESSCIRC 2023- IEEE 49th European Solid State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070571439","display_name":"Xinhang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1889-7955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinhang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University,School of Integrated Circuits,Beijing,China","School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University,School of Integrated Circuits,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085075194","display_name":"Linxiao Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7933-3673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linxiao Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University,School of Integrated Circuits,Beijing,China","School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University,School of Integrated Circuits,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035971279","display_name":"Siyuan Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0595-4682"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyuan Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University,School of Integrated Circuits,Beijing,China","School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University,School of Integrated Circuits,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100952122","display_name":"Jiayi Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayi Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University,School of Integrated Circuits,Beijing,China","School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University,School of Integrated Circuits,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076376895","display_name":"Zhuoyi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2781-2346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoyi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University,School of Integrated Circuits,Beijing,China","School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University,School of Integrated Circuits,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079518120","display_name":"Jihang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7306-5428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University,School of Integrated Circuits,Beijing,China","School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University,School of Integrated Circuits,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051911924","display_name":"Jiajia Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4110-2467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiajia Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University,School of Integrated Circuits,Beijing,China","School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University,School of Integrated Circuits,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350074","display_name":"Yihan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1513-3784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University,School of Integrated Circuits,Beijing,China","School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University,School of Integrated Circuits,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062886480","display_name":"Ru Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8146-4821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ru Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University,School of Integrated Circuits,Beijing,China","School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University,School of Integrated Circuits,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003039083","display_name":"Le Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0599-7762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University,School of Integrated Circuits,Beijing,China","School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University,School of Integrated Circuits,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070571439"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3386,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5427468,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"121","last_page":"124"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparator","display_name":"Comparator","score":0.9267631769180298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.7645319700241089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxation-oscillator","display_name":"Relaxation oscillator","score":0.6933141946792603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistor","display_name":"Resistor","score":0.5736933350563049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-rate","display_name":"Clock rate","score":0.5632236003875732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5379394292831421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.523496687412262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring-oscillator","display_name":"Ring oscillator","score":0.47328680753707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4536019563674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4352513551712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.41763073205947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3302878737449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.16225183010101318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15871939063072205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.08689305186271667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155745195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1164179","display_name":"Comparator","level":3,"score":0.9267631769180298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.7645319700241089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135854075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1421688","display_name":"Relaxation oscillator","level":4,"score":0.6933141946792603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137488568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5321","display_name":"Resistor","level":3,"score":0.5736933350563049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178693496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911691","display_name":"Clock rate","level":3,"score":0.5632236003875732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5379394292831421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.523496687412262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104111718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2153973","display_name":"Ring oscillator","level":3,"score":0.47328680753707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4536019563674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4352513551712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.41763073205947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3302878737449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.16225183010101318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15871939063072205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.08689305186271667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/esscirc59616.2023.10268752","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc59616.2023.10268752","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ESSCIRC 2023- IEEE 49th European Solid State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-136534","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-136534","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2290448219","https://openalex.org/W2467122692","https://openalex.org/W2594244657","https://openalex.org/W2889664870","https://openalex.org/W3134619974","https://openalex.org/W3139595164"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153240691","https://openalex.org/W4231643161","https://openalex.org/W2083087340","https://openalex.org/W2171123968","https://openalex.org/W2280785257","https://openalex.org/W2908047996","https://openalex.org/W2793592525","https://openalex.org/W1977951774","https://openalex.org/W2352395924","https://openalex.org/W4387411214"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,19,41,65,71,83],"low-power,":[4],"low-temperature-coefficient":[5],"(TC),":[6],"digital-friendly":[7],"RC":[8,38],"relaxation":[9],"oscillator":[10],"(RxO)":[11],"for":[12],"energy-constrained":[13],"Internet-of-Things":[14],"(IoT)":[15],"applications.":[16],"Implemented":[17],"in":[18],"22nm":[20],"CMOS":[21],"technology":[22],"that":[23],"offers":[24],"only":[25],"PTAT":[26],"resistors,":[27],"the":[28,33,37,51],"proposed":[29],"swing-adaptive":[30],"scheme":[31,46],"compensates":[32],"first-order":[34],"TC":[35,72],"within":[36],"stage.":[39],"Additionally,":[40],"clock-gated":[42],"discrete-time":[43],"comparator":[44],"(DT-CMP)":[45],"is":[47,61],"adopted":[48],"to":[49,63,78],"relax":[50],"trade-off":[52],"between":[53],"power":[54,84],"efficiency":[55,85],"and":[56],"TC.":[57],"The":[58],"prototype":[59],"RxO":[60],"measured":[62],"have":[64],"reference":[66],"frequency":[67],"of":[68,73,86],"700kHz":[69],"with":[70,82],"12.":[74],"$5\\mathrm{p}\\mathrm{p}\\mathrm{m}/{}^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$":[75],"(from":[76],"-$40{}^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$":[77],"85\u00b0C),":[79],"consuming":[80],"760nW":[81],"1.086nW/kHz.":[87]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-04T09:10:02.777135","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}