{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308089463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc55480.2022.9911460","title":"A Scalable Bit-Serial Computing Hardware Accelerator for Solving 2D/3D Partial Differential Equations Using Finite Difference Method","display_name":"A Scalable Bit-Serial Computing Hardware Accelerator for Solving 2D/3D Partial Differential Equations Using Finite Difference Method","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308089463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc55480.2022.9911460"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/esscirc55480.2022.9911460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc55480.2022.9911460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608323","display_name":"ESSCIRC 2022- IEEE 48th European Solid State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ESSCIRC 2022- IEEE 48th European Solid State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011907615","display_name":"Junjie Mu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6496-6539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junjie Mu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,639798"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003541204","display_name":"Chengshuo Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0897-7871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090209","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/009rw8n36","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengshuo Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,639798","Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076628109","display_name":"Tony Tae-Hyoung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1779-1799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tony Tae-Hyoung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,639798"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035469250","display_name":"Bongjin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5397-9628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bongjin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Santa Barbara,California,United States,93106"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Santa Barbara,California,United States,93106","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.608,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98491265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"353","last_page":"356"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10739","display_name":"Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10739","display_name":"Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11263","display_name":"Electromagnetic Simulation and Numerical Methods","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-differential-equation","display_name":"Partial differential equation","score":0.6159770488739014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.610039234161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5181516408920288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-difference","display_name":"Finite difference","score":0.466372549533844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.4627499580383301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.4625813961029053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4231709837913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36152786016464233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.34889230132102966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2643635869026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.19451823830604553}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93779851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271977","display_name":"Partial differential equation","level":2,"score":0.6159770488739014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.610039234161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5181516408920288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181330731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2068418","display_name":"Finite difference","level":2,"score":0.466372549533844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.4627499580383301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.4625813961029053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4231709837913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36152786016464233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.34889230132102966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2643635869026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.19451823830604553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/esscirc55480.2022.9911460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc55480.2022.9911460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608323","display_name":"ESSCIRC 2022- IEEE 48th European Solid State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ESSCIRC 2022- IEEE 48th European Solid State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320696","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2460688588","https://openalex.org/W2626817408","https://openalex.org/W2998765974","https://openalex.org/W3158934699"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2040758634","https://openalex.org/W2110451206","https://openalex.org/W2207052351","https://openalex.org/W2018922480","https://openalex.org/W2989065226","https://openalex.org/W2096913971","https://openalex.org/W2073045545","https://openalex.org/W1480013407","https://openalex.org/W2131128736","https://openalex.org/W2298616682"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,37,47,61,74,133],"scalable":[4],"bit-serial":[5],"computing":[6],"hardware":[7,44],"accelerator":[8,45],"for":[9],"solving":[10,26,43,163],"two/three-dimensional":[11],"(2D/3D)":[12],"partial":[13],"differential":[14],"equations":[15,28,131],"(PDEs).":[16],"The":[17,40,66,111],"finite":[18,31],"difference":[19],"method":[20,137],"(FDM)":[21],"approximates":[22],"the":[23,87,96,105,149],"PDEs":[24,167],"by":[25],"algebraic":[27],"that":[29],"contain":[30],"differences":[32],"between":[33],"discretized":[34],"solutions":[35,71],"in":[36],"2D/3D":[38,75,127],"grid.":[39],"proposed":[41,112],"PDE":[42,113],"comprises":[46],"<tex":[48,90],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[49,91,155],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\mathbf{16}\\times\\mathbf{16}$</tex>":[50],"regular":[51,67,88,97,106],"PE":[52],"array,":[53],"where":[54],"neighboring":[55,84],"PEs":[56,68,94,98,107],"are":[57],"connected":[58],"based":[59,77],"on":[60,78],"2D":[62,164],"lattice":[63],"graph":[64],"configuration.":[65],"update":[69,136],"their":[70,83],"corresponding":[72],"to":[73,104,109,123],"grid":[76],"serial":[79],"bit-streams":[80],"coming":[81],"from":[82],"PEs.":[85],"Besides":[86],"PEs,":[89],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\mathbf{4}\\times\\mathbf{16}$</tex>":[92],"boundary":[93,102],"surrounding":[95],"store":[99],"and":[100,125,129,159,165,170],"transmit":[101],"conditions":[103],"adjacent":[108],"them.":[110],"solver":[114],"with":[115,138],"distributed":[116],"92Kb":[117],"embedded":[118],"SRAM":[119],"can":[120],"be":[121],"reconfigured":[122],"map":[124],"solve":[126],"Laplace":[128],"Poisson":[130],"using":[132],"sequential":[134],"layer-by-layer":[135],"no":[139],"external":[140],"memory":[141],"access.":[142],"A":[143],"fabricated":[144],"65nm":[145],"test":[146],"chip":[147],"occupying":[148],"core":[150],"area":[151],"of":[152],"0.811mm":[153],"<sup":[154],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[156],"consumes":[157],"5.2pJ":[158],"6.5pJ,":[160],"respectively,":[161],"when":[162],"3D":[166],"at":[168],"1V":[169],"25.6MHz.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}