{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2899452050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc.2018.8494300","title":"Low-Power QPSK Transmitter Based on an Injection-Locked Power Amplifier","display_name":"Low-Power QPSK Transmitter Based on an Injection-Locked Power Amplifier","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2899452050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc.2018.8494300","mag":"2899452050"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/esscirc.2018.8494300","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc.2018.8494300","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ESSCIRC 2018 - IEEE 44th European Solid State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086422057","display_name":"Zexi Ji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zexi Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032620993","display_name":"Saba Zargham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7255-3371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saba Zargham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019633952","display_name":"Antonio Liscidini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0522-3097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Liscidini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086422057"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1288,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49585005,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"134","last_page":"137"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6832972764968872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.6530435085296631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.6285085082054138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5075939893722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.47687703371047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rf-power-amplifier","display_name":"RF power amplifier","score":0.4766560196876526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.4296427369117737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-divider","display_name":"Frequency divider","score":0.41933953762054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-dividers-and-directional-couplers","display_name":"Power dividers and directional couplers","score":0.3907226026058197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.33921706676483154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30864936113357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23198920488357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.1298392117023468}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6832972764968872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.6530435085296631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.6285085082054138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5075939893722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.47687703371047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196054291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7276624","display_name":"RF power amplifier","level":4,"score":0.4766560196876526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4296427369117737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74982907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455624","display_name":"Frequency divider","level":3,"score":0.41933953762054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202988678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417986","display_name":"Power dividers and directional couplers","level":2,"score":0.3907226026058197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33921706676483154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30864936113357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23198920488357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.1298392117023468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/esscirc.2018.8494300","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc.2018.8494300","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ESSCIRC 2018 - IEEE 44th European Solid State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038874999","https://openalex.org/W2082322483","https://openalex.org/W2086681809","https://openalex.org/W2150846792","https://openalex.org/W2180973527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355663289","https://openalex.org/W3144043557","https://openalex.org/W2136492030","https://openalex.org/W2106913410","https://openalex.org/W4380372336","https://openalex.org/W2354248671","https://openalex.org/W2359134391","https://openalex.org/W2594116857","https://openalex.org/W2386488234","https://openalex.org/W2045401036"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"injection-locked":[1],"frequency":[2],"divider":[3,44],"was":[4,40],"used":[5],"as":[6],"a":[7,18,27,47,60,81],"quadrature":[8],"phase-shift":[9],"keying":[10],"(QPSK)":[11],"modulator":[12],"by":[13,45],"exploiting":[14],"the":[15,22,34,37,43,52],"property":[16],"that":[17],"polarity":[19],"flip":[20],"of":[21,30,66,84],"injected":[23],"signal":[24],"results":[25],"in":[26,59],"phase":[28],"shift":[29],"90":[31],"degrees":[32],"at":[33,68],"output.":[35],"Furthermore,":[36],"power":[38,79],"amplifier":[39],"integrated":[41],"with":[42,80],"adding":[46],"transformer":[48],"to":[49,51,70],"couple":[50],"antenna.":[53],"Combining":[54],"these":[55],"two":[56],"ideas":[57],"resulted":[58],"high-efficiency,":[61],"high-bandwidth":[62],"QPSK":[63],"transmitter,":[64],"capable":[65],"operating":[67],"up":[69],"120":[71],"Mbit/s":[72],"and":[73],"delivering":[74],"1.3":[75],"m":[76],"W":[77],"output":[78],"system":[82],"efficiency":[83],"38":[85],"%.":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}