{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2080332172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc.2013.6649090","title":"A 78 pW 1 b/s 2.4 GHz radio transmitter for near-zero-power sensing applications","display_name":"A 78 pW 1 b/s 2.4 GHz radio transmitter for near-zero-power sensing applications","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2080332172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc.2013.6649090","mag":"2080332172"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/esscirc.2013.6649090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc.2013.6649090","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 Proceedings of the ESSCIRC (ESSCIRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044161396","display_name":"Patrick P. Mercier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1488-5076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Patrick P. Mercier","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Diego, CA, USA","University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102914946","display_name":"Saurav Bandyopadhyay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1242-6768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saurav Bandyopadhyay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","Massachusetts Institute of Technology; ,; Cambridge MA USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology; ,; Cambridge MA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005985307","display_name":"Andrew C. Lysaght","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1287163989","display_name":"Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary","ror":"https://ror.org/04g3dn724","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1287163989"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew C. Lysaght","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA","Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1287163989"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1287163989"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086673943","display_name":"Konstantina M. Stankovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0233-279X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1287163989","display_name":"Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary","ror":"https://ror.org/04g3dn724","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1287163989"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantina M Stankovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA","Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1287163989"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1287163989"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084128470","display_name":"Anantha P. Chandrakasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5977-2748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anantha P. Chandrakasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","Massachusetts Institute of Technology; ,; Cambridge MA USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology; ,; Cambridge MA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044161396"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6552,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85773105,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"133","last_page":"136"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.8746023178100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standby-power","display_name":"Standby power","score":0.618367075920105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5911144018173218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duty-cycle","display_name":"Duty cycle","score":0.5325229167938232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.530998706817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-shift-keying","display_name":"Frequency-shift keying","score":0.5136544108390808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.5041574239730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-transmitter-design","display_name":"Radio transmitter design","score":0.464181125164032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency-power-transmission","display_name":"Radio frequency power transmission","score":0.4562368094921112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4402100443840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4247789680957794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3716551959514618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3319249749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.31513673067092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.29074716567993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.26462385058403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.18291735649108887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.1278778314590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.08424943685531616}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.8746023178100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7140552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366402","display_name":"Standby power","level":3,"score":0.618367075920105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5911144018173218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199822604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557120","display_name":"Duty cycle","level":3,"score":0.5325229167938232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.530998706817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163996819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166054","display_name":"Frequency-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.5136544108390808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.5041574239730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142031617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105437","display_name":"Radio transmitter design","level":4,"score":0.464181125164032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101094754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63020344","display_name":"Radio frequency power transmission","level":4,"score":0.4562368094921112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4402100443840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4247789680957794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3716551959514618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3319249749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31513673067092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.29074716567993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.26462385058403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.18291735649108887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.1278778314590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.08424943685531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/esscirc.2013.6649090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc.2013.6649090","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 Proceedings of the ESSCIRC (ESSCIRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969081205","https://openalex.org/W1971193779","https://openalex.org/W1987641267","https://openalex.org/W2010689540","https://openalex.org/W2059030352","https://openalex.org/W2074616074","https://openalex.org/W2105309515","https://openalex.org/W2122867694","https://openalex.org/W2126470432","https://openalex.org/W2144675133","https://openalex.org/W2170307675","https://openalex.org/W2802248155"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2297373918","https://openalex.org/W1902359088","https://openalex.org/W2325128397","https://openalex.org/W2988002559","https://openalex.org/W2145293578","https://openalex.org/W2384509413","https://openalex.org/W2103957343","https://openalex.org/W2368297782","https://openalex.org/W1531121096","https://openalex.org/W1596109947"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,55,80,91,101],"ultra-low-standby-power":[4],"radio":[5],"transmitter":[6,37,75,99],"that":[7,53,59],"was":[8],"designed":[9],"for":[10],"applications":[11],"with":[12],"extreme":[13],"energy":[14,17],"storage":[15],"and/or":[16],"harvesting":[18],"constraints.":[19],"By":[20],"utilizing":[21],"aggressive":[22],"power":[23,41,51,103],"gating":[24],"techniques":[25],"within":[26],"a":[27,32,39,49],"low-complexity":[28],"architecture":[29,47],"featuring":[30],"only":[31],"single":[33],"RF":[34],"stage,":[35],"the":[36,63,74,98],"achieved":[38],"standby":[40],"consumption":[42],"of":[43,84,95,104],"39.7":[44],"pW.":[45,106],"The":[46],"employed":[48],"direct-RF":[50],"oscillator":[52],"featured":[54],"on-board":[56],"loop":[57],"antenna":[58],"functioned":[60],"as":[61],"both":[62,69],"resonant":[64],"and":[65,71],"radiative":[66],"element.":[67],"Supporting":[68],"OOK":[70],"FSK":[72],"modulations,":[73],"consumed":[76,100],"38":[77],"pJ/bit":[78],"at":[79],"instantaneous":[81],"data":[82,93],"rate":[83,94],"5":[85],"Mb/s.":[86],"After":[87],"duty-cycling":[88],"down":[89],"to":[90],"average":[92,102],"1":[96],"b/s,":[97],"78":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}