{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2055311999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc.2012.6341303","title":"A 3-axis PZT-based MEMS gyroscope in 0.18&amp;#x03BC;m CMOS","display_name":"A 3-axis PZT-based MEMS gyroscope in 0.18&amp;#x03BC;m CMOS","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2055311999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc.2012.6341303","mag":"2055311999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/esscirc.2012.6341303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc.2012.6341303","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Proceedings of the ESSCIRC (ESSCIRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101712006","display_name":"Imran Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8538-3538"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Imran Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kapik Integration, Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kapik Integration, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051985340","display_name":"David Halupka","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Halupka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kapik Integration, Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kapik Integration, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080718452","display_name":"Bertram Leesti","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bertram Leesti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kapik Integration, Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kapik Integration, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010051437","display_name":"James A. Cherry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6703-692X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James A. Cherry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kapik Integration, Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kapik Integration, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088196792","display_name":"R.T. McKenzie","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rob McKenzie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kapik Integration, Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kapik Integration, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019162738","display_name":"Alireza Nilchi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Nilchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019875544","display_name":"Hamed Mazhab-Jafari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamed Mazhab-Jafari","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077368816","display_name":"M. Snelgrove","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Snelgrove","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kapik Integration, Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kapik Integration, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030583258","display_name":"R.Y.V. Chik","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raymond Chik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kapik Integration, Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kapik Integration, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101712006"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.491,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68823761,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"241","last_page":"244"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11449","display_name":"Mechanical and Optical Resonators","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-specific-integrated-circuit","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","score":0.8454183340072632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gyroscope","display_name":"Gyroscope","score":0.8213741779327393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microelectromechanical-systems","display_name":"Microelectromechanical systems","score":0.7964794635772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vibrating-structure-gyroscope","display_name":"Vibrating structure gyroscope","score":0.6666093468666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.575192391872406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.5439441800117493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4951151907444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4915710389614105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.4875754714012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allan-variance","display_name":"Allan variance","score":0.45609036087989807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.41645222902297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3972015678882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3659568727016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.33976131677627563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.33457690477371216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20956099033355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.1105671226978302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.08570331335067749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07429462671279907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77390884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217302","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.8454183340072632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158488048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483400","display_name":"Gyroscope","level":2,"score":0.8213741779327393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37977207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175561","display_name":"Microelectromechanical systems","level":2,"score":0.7964794635772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72768775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844456","display_name":"Vibrating structure gyroscope","level":3,"score":0.6666093468666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.575192391872406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.5439441800117493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4951151907444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4915710389614105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.4875754714012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5722023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1440227","display_name":"Allan variance","level":3,"score":0.45609036087989807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.41645222902297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3972015678882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3659568727016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33976131677627563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.33457690477371216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20956099033355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.1105671226978302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.08570331335067749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07429462671279907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/esscirc.2012.6341303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc.2012.6341303","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Proceedings of the ESSCIRC (ESSCIRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2102319061","https://openalex.org/W2130488732","https://openalex.org/W2144052535","https://openalex.org/W2148724448"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018733833","https://openalex.org/W4320019880","https://openalex.org/W2138812454","https://openalex.org/W2185308786","https://openalex.org/W2039007435","https://openalex.org/W2363375256","https://openalex.org/W2150147713","https://openalex.org/W2042168727","https://openalex.org/W1483532916","https://openalex.org/W2347235354"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,41],"3-axis":[1],"interface":[2],"for":[3,76],"a":[4,9,28],"PZT-based":[5],"MEMS":[6,26,36],"gyroscope":[7],"uses":[8],"PLL-less":[10],"architecture":[11],"and":[12,50,70,73,82,92],"does":[13,32],"not":[14,33],"require":[15,34],"high-voltage":[16],"devices":[17],"nor":[18],"charge-pumps.":[19],"The":[20,60,86],"use":[21],"of":[22,67,90,97],"PZT":[23],"in":[24],"the":[25,35,58,77],"enables":[27],"low-cost":[29],"package":[30],"which":[31],"to":[37,46],"be":[38],"vacuum":[39],"sealed.":[40],"single":[42],"amplifier":[43],"is":[44],"used":[45],"simultaneously":[47],"amplify":[48],"actuation":[49],"Coriolis":[51],"signals,":[52],"thereby":[53],"maintaining":[54],"orthogonal":[55],"phase":[56],"between":[57],"signals.":[59],"ASIC":[61,78,87],"has":[62],"an":[63],"inherent":[64],"Allan":[65],"variance":[66],"0.13":[68],"\u00b0/s/\u221aHz,":[69],"1,":[71],"0.35,":[72],"0.66":[74],"\u00b0/s/\u221aHz":[75],"plus":[79],"x,":[80],"y,":[81],"z":[83],"axes":[84],"respectively.":[85],"utilizes":[88],"6.2mA":[89],"current":[91],"6.22mm":[93],"<sup":[94],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[95],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[96],"total":[98],"area":[99],"(including":[100],"I/Os).":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
