{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2178839736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc.2008.4681879","title":"A low-complexity, low phase noise, low-voltage phase-aligned ring oscillator in 90 nm digital CMOS","display_name":"A low-complexity, low phase noise, low-voltage phase-aligned ring oscillator in 90 nm digital CMOS","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2178839736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc.2008.4681879","mag":"2178839736"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/esscirc.2008.4681879","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc.2008.4681879","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ESSCIRC 2008 - 34th European Solid-State Circuits Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084106397","display_name":"Jonathan Borremans","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Borremans","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103112055","display_name":"Julien Ryckaert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0140-3042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Ryckaert","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMEC, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059069030","display_name":"Piet Wambacq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4388-7257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Wambacq","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003942731","display_name":"Maarten Kuijk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2260-8960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Kuijk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042750271","display_name":"Jan Craninckx","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3980-0203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Craninckx","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMEC, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084106397"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542","https://openalex.org/I4210114974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3306,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89107798,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"410","last_page":"413"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.8698903322219849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dbc","display_name":"dBc","score":0.8374176621437073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.7434580326080322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring-oscillator","display_name":"Ring oscillator","score":0.7233713269233704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","score":0.5318306088447571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5288782119750977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.48618191480636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.46362900733947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4589889943599701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4406700134277344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3651316463947296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.24607962369918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2392384111881256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.07703542709350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.07468917965888977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.8698903322219849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193523891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771950","display_name":"dBc","level":3,"score":0.8374176621437073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.7434580326080322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104111718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2153973","display_name":"Ring oscillator","level":3,"score":0.7233713269233704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351438","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5318306088447571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5288782119750977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.48618191480636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.46362900733947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4589889943599701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4406700134277344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3651316463947296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24607962369918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2392384111881256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.07703542709350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.07468917965888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/esscirc.2008.4681879","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc.2008.4681879","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ESSCIRC 2008 - 34th European Solid-State Circuits Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2094952437","https://openalex.org/W2121854746","https://openalex.org/W2134899771","https://openalex.org/W2139110107","https://openalex.org/W2141242995","https://openalex.org/W2143232235"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2540832666","https://openalex.org/W4286579627","https://openalex.org/W4392188952","https://openalex.org/W1851259350","https://openalex.org/W272184114","https://openalex.org/W2117747481","https://openalex.org/W2394282069","https://openalex.org/W3189810088","https://openalex.org/W2141726610","https://openalex.org/W4281672152"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"8-phase":[1],"phase-aligned":[2],"ring":[3],"oscillator":[4],"in":[5,44],"90":[6],"nm":[7],"digital":[8],"CMOS":[9],"is":[10,42],"presented":[11,49],"that":[12],"operates":[13],"up":[14],"to":[15],"2":[16,25],"GHz.":[17],"The":[18,51],"low-complexity":[19],"circuit":[20,52],"consumes":[21],"13":[22],"mW":[23,29],"at":[24,30],"GHz":[26],"and":[27],"1.2":[28],"400":[31],"MHz,":[32],"while":[33],"a":[34],"flat":[35],"in-band":[36],"phase":[37],"noise":[38],"below":[39],"-120":[40],"dBc/Hz":[41],"achieved,":[43],"close":[45],"agreement":[46],"with":[47],"the":[48],"theory.":[50],"occupies":[53],"an":[54],"area":[55],"of":[56],"0.008":[57],"mm":[58],"<sup":[59],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[60],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[61],".":[62]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}