{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2109560059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc.2007.4430306","title":"A robust, input voltage adaptive and low energy consumption level converter for sub-threshold logic","display_name":"A robust, input voltage adaptive and low energy consumption level converter for sub-threshold logic","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2109560059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc.2007.4430306","mag":"2109560059"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/esscirc.2007.4430306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc.2007.4430306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191203","display_name":"Proceedings of ESSCIRC","issn_l":"1930-8833","issn":["1930-8833","2643-1319"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ESSCIRC 2007 - 33rd European Solid-State Circuits Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079095481","display_name":"Hui Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-546X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072596277","display_name":"Chi-Ying Tsui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8024-2637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi-Ying Tsui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4956,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88586078,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"312","last_page":"315"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-level","display_name":"Logic level","score":0.8023591637611389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pmos-logic","display_name":"PMOS logic","score":0.7921326160430908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threshold-voltage","display_name":"Threshold voltage","score":0.6114288568496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.60169917345047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pass-transistor-logic","display_name":"Pass transistor logic","score":0.5962001085281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.580489993095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5790766477584839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5674319863319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-family","display_name":"Logic family","score":0.5405155420303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5389313101768494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5357168912887573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.48513707518577576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-voltage","display_name":"Low voltage","score":0.4485706388950348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overdrive-voltage","display_name":"Overdrive voltage","score":0.4355809986591339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-synthesis","display_name":"Logic synthesis","score":0.3278071880340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3266621232032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28406333923339844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.23561280965805054}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146569638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173378","display_name":"Logic level","level":3,"score":0.8023591637611389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27050352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173605","display_name":"PMOS logic","level":4,"score":0.7921326160430908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195370968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754002","display_name":"Threshold voltage","level":4,"score":0.6114288568496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.60169917345047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198521697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7142438","display_name":"Pass transistor logic","level":4,"score":0.5962001085281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.580489993095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5790766477584839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5674319863319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162454741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173359","display_name":"Logic family","level":4,"score":0.5405155420303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5389313101768494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5357168912887573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.48513707518577576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128624480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504817","display_name":"Low voltage","level":3,"score":0.4485706388950348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195905723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113634","display_name":"Overdrive voltage","level":5,"score":0.4355809986591339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157922185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173198","display_name":"Logic synthesis","level":3,"score":0.3278071880340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3266621232032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28406333923339844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.23561280965805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/esscirc.2007.4430306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esscirc.2007.4430306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191203","display_name":"Proceedings of ESSCIRC","issn_l":"1930-8833","issn":["1930-8833","2643-1319"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ESSCIRC 2007 - 33rd European Solid-State Circuits Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-45861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-45861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ust.hk:1783.1-45861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?eid=2-s2.0-44849091721&origin=inward","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1895430418","https://openalex.org/W1967171495","https://openalex.org/W2017216250","https://openalex.org/W2124853018","https://openalex.org/W2163796154","https://openalex.org/W4251278784","https://openalex.org/W6642028511","https://openalex.org/W6644114559","https://openalex.org/W6683826652"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2082591327","https://openalex.org/W2108396794","https://openalex.org/W2171566066","https://openalex.org/W1593138522","https://openalex.org/W127821896","https://openalex.org/W2118487491","https://openalex.org/W2580743037","https://openalex.org/W2096750766","https://openalex.org/W2167525841","https://openalex.org/W2127519131"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1],"level":[2],"converter":[3],"(LC)":[4],"is":[5,49,67],"proposed":[6,39,88,103],"for":[7,52],"logic":[8,32,46],"voltage":[9,14,47,119],"shifting":[10],"between":[11],"sub":[12,74],"threshold":[13,75],"to":[15],"normal":[16],"high":[17],"voltage.":[18],"By":[19],"employing":[20],"2":[21],"PMOS":[22],"diodes,":[23],"the":[24,38,44,61,65,72,80,87],"LC":[25,40,66,104],"shows":[26],"good":[27],"operation":[28],"robustness":[29],"with":[30,43,108],"sub-threshold":[31],"input.":[33],"The":[34],"switching":[35],"delay":[36],"of":[37,64,71,86],"can":[41,105],"adapt":[42],"input":[45,110],"which":[48],"more":[50],"suitable":[51],"power":[53],"aware":[54],"systems.":[55],"With":[56],"a":[57],"simpler":[58],"circuit":[59],"structure,":[60],"energy":[62,84],"consumption":[63],"smaller":[68],"than":[69],"that":[70,101],"existing":[73],"LC.":[76,89],"Simulation":[77],"results":[78,99],"demonstrate":[79],"performance":[81],"improvement":[82],"and":[83,116],"reduction":[85],"Test":[90],"chip":[91],"was":[92],"fabricated":[93],"using":[94],"0.18\u03bcm":[95],"CMOS":[96],"process.":[97],"Measurement":[98],"show":[100],"our":[102],"operate":[106],"correctly":[107],"an":[109,117],"at":[111,120],"as":[112,114],"low":[113],"127mV":[115],"output":[118],"1.8V.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
