{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1908311671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esem.2015.7321204","title":"Introducing a Ripple Effect Measure: A Theoretical and Empirical Validation","display_name":"Introducing a Ripple Effect Measure: A Theoretical and Empirical Validation","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1908311671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esem.2015.7321204","mag":"1908311671"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/esem.2015.7321204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esem.2015.7321204","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036862767","display_name":"Elvira-Maria Arvanitou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2638-6410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elvira-Maria Arvanitou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Groningen, Netherlands","Software Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Groningen, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057023981","display_name":"Apostolos Ampatzoglou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5764-7302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Apostolos Ampatzoglou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Groningen, Netherlands","Software Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Groningen, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005131176","display_name":"Alexander Chatzigeorgiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5381-8418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192756129","display_name":"University of Macedonia","ror":"https://ror.org/05fg6gr82","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192756129"]}],"countries":["GR","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Chatzigeorgiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Informatics, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece","Department of Computer Science, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Informatics, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192756129"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083888080","display_name":"Paris Avgeriou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7101-0754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paris Avgeriou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Groningen, Netherlands","Software Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Groningen, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ripple","display_name":"Ripple","score":0.8565245866775513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.7078701257705688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7021129727363586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6566206216812134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.5830336809158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4496057331562042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3692644536495209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.29245126247406006}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779599953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1776117","display_name":"Ripple","level":3,"score":0.8565245866775513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.7078701257705688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7021129727363586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6566206216812134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5830336809158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4496057331562042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3692644536495209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.29245126247406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/esem.2015.7321204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esem.2015.7321204","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire_cris_publications/d9309330-3ec7-49ef-a8d5-e1a359f9d338","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11370/d9309330-3ec7-49ef-a8d5-e1a359f9d338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Arvanitou, E-M, Ampatzoglou, A, Chatzigeorgiou, A & Avgeriou, P 2015, Introducing a Ripple Effect Measure : A Theoretical and Empirical Validation. in 9th International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM\u2019 15). IEEE Computer Society, pp. 192-201. https://doi.org/10.1109/ESEM.2015.7321204","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:rug:oai:pure.rug.nl:publications/d9309330-3ec7-49ef-a8d5-e1a359f9d338","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/d9309330-3ec7-49ef-a8d5-e1a359f9d338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"9th International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM\u2019 15), 192 - 201","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencepaper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W279545772","https://openalex.org/W1785944873","https://openalex.org/W1833911422","https://openalex.org/W1977456835","https://openalex.org/W2011258624","https://openalex.org/W2012520411","https://openalex.org/W2012558290","https://openalex.org/W2032221556","https://openalex.org/W2049901595","https://openalex.org/W2055058710","https://openalex.org/W2055551451","https://openalex.org/W2062711906","https://openalex.org/W2081917329","https://openalex.org/W2087197567","https://openalex.org/W2099772275","https://openalex.org/W2124329081","https://openalex.org/W2132762162","https://openalex.org/W2136068442","https://openalex.org/W2148148196","https://openalex.org/W2148724520","https://openalex.org/W2155240597","https://openalex.org/W2156748816","https://openalex.org/W2158335989","https://openalex.org/W2158864412","https://openalex.org/W2162732916","https://openalex.org/W2166801317","https://openalex.org/W2167116703","https://openalex.org/W2167363007","https://openalex.org/W2171834277","https://openalex.org/W2249595199","https://openalex.org/W3196389106","https://openalex.org/W4233152543","https://openalex.org/W4238266904","https://openalex.org/W6634792441","https://openalex.org/W6691578878"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229441739","https://openalex.org/W4303411445","https://openalex.org/W4207040089","https://openalex.org/W2384455639","https://openalex.org/W1519622926","https://openalex.org/W3109306766","https://openalex.org/W2944076747","https://openalex.org/W4286587111","https://openalex.org/W2999364115","https://openalex.org/W2637482151"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Context:":[0],"Change":[1],"impact":[2],"analysis":[3],"investigates":[4],"the":[5,12,20,25,31,38,48,56,68,89,104,110,118,127,161,166,180,214,219,228],"negative":[6],"consequence":[7],"of":[8,14,19,30,50,64,70,112,117,120,157,197,218,221],"system":[9,21,32],"changes,":[10],"i.e.,":[11],"propagation":[13],"changes":[15],"to":[16,78,80,102,123,126,160,224,227,232],"other":[17,233],"parts":[18],"(also":[22],"known":[23],"as":[24,114,154],"ripple":[26,39,128,162,229],"effect).":[27],"Identifying":[28],"modules":[29],"that":[33,66,98,205,212],"will":[34],"be":[35,100],"affected":[36],"by":[37,144],"effect":[40],"is":[41,59,207,213],"an":[42,115,155],"important":[43],"activity,":[44],"before":[45],"and":[46,87,148,202],"after":[47],"application":[49],"any":[51],"change.":[52],"Goal:":[53],"However,":[54],"in":[55,75],"literature,":[57],"there":[58],"only":[60],"a":[61,71,96,121,186,208,222],"limited":[62],"set":[63],"studies":[65],"investigate":[67,151],"probability":[69,220],"random":[72],"change":[73,124,225],"occurring":[74],"one":[76],"class,":[77],"propagate":[79],"another.":[81],"In":[82],"this":[83],"paper":[84],"we":[85,184],"discuss":[86],"evaluate":[88,109],"Ripple":[90],"Effect":[91],"Measure":[92],"(in":[93],"short":[94],"REM),":[95],"metric":[97,137],"can":[99],"used":[101],"assess":[103],"aforementioned":[105],"probability.":[106],"Method:":[107],"To":[108,178],"capacity":[111],"REM":[113,198,206],"assessor":[116,156,217],"prob-ability":[119],"class":[122,158,223],"due":[125,226],"effect,":[129,163,230],"we:":[130],"(a)":[131],"mathematically":[132],"validate":[133],"it":[134],"against":[135],"established":[136],"properties":[138],"(e.g.,":[139,173],"non-negativity,":[140],"monotonicity,":[141],"etc.),":[142],"proposed":[143],"Briand":[145],"et":[146],"al.,":[147],"(b)":[149],"empirically":[150],"its":[152],"validity":[153],"proneness":[159],"based":[164],"on":[165,170,190],"1061-1998":[167],"IEEE":[168],"Standard":[169],"Software":[171],"Measurement":[172],"correlation,":[174],"predictive":[175],"power,":[176],"etc.).":[177],"apply":[179],"empirical":[181],"validation":[182,199],"process,":[183],"conducted":[185],"holistic":[187],"multiple-case":[188],"study":[189],"java":[191],"open-source":[192],"classes.":[193],"Results:":[194],"The":[195],"results":[196],"(both":[200],"mathematical":[201],"empirical)":[203],"suggest":[204],"theoretically":[209],"sound":[210],"measure":[211],"most":[215],"valid":[216],"compared":[231],"existing":[234],"metrics.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
