{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117996839","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/enc68268.2025.11311863","title":"Implementation of a Large Language Model (LLM) for Spanish-Nahuatl Translation","display_name":"Implementation of a Large Language Model (LLM) for Spanish-Nahuatl Translation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117996839","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/enc68268.2025.11311863"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/enc68268.2025.11311863","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/enc68268.2025.11311863","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Mexican International Conference on Computer Science (ENC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081253405","display_name":"Eduardo S\u00e1nchez Lucero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6875-7670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107476","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Apizaco","ror":"https://ror.org/01gdpc846","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107476"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo S\u00e1nchez Lucero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tecnológico Nacional de México TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Apizaco,Apizaco,México"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnológico Nacional de México TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Apizaco,Apizaco,México","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100922568","display_name":"J.J. Hernandez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107476","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Apizaco","ror":"https://ror.org/01gdpc846","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107476"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Crispin Hern\u00e1ndez Hern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tecnológico Nacional de México TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Apizaco,Apizaco,México"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnológico Nacional de México TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Apizaco,Apizaco,México","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102993360","display_name":"Edmundo Bonilla Huerta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2062-4219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107476","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Apizaco","ror":"https://ror.org/01gdpc846","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107476"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edmundo Bonilla Huerta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tecnológico Nacional de México TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Apizaco,Apizaco,México"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnológico Nacional de México TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Apizaco,Apizaco,México","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121808350","display_name":"Samuel P\u00e9rez Zistecatl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107476","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Apizaco","ror":"https://ror.org/01gdpc846","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107476"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel P\u00e9rez Zistecatl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tecnológico Nacional de México TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Apizaco,Apizaco,México"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnológico Nacional de México TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Apizaco,Apizaco,México","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081253405"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79518072,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12283","display_name":"Latin American history and culture","score":0.04039999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12283","display_name":"Latin American history and culture","score":0.04039999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13650","display_name":"Computational Physics and Python Applications","score":0.03590000048279762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.03530000150203705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.5997999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nahuatl","display_name":"Nahuatl","score":0.5467000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.48820000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.4875999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.4754999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indigenous","display_name":"Indigenous","score":0.4255000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-networking-language","display_name":"Universal Networking Language","score":0.38580000400543213}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.5997999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5679000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779025792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13300","display_name":"Nahuatl","level":2,"score":0.5467000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5016999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.48820000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4875999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.4754999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55958113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169480","display_name":"Indigenous","level":2,"score":0.4255000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.39419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83479923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063748","display_name":"Universal Networking Language","level":4,"score":0.38580000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155092808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182557","display_name":"Computational linguistics","level":2,"score":0.3504999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1813318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465887","display_name":"Language industry","level":4,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14919245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1976109","display_name":"Language technology","level":4,"score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777864","display_name":"Linguistic description","level":2,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781370049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q645304","display_name":"Indigenous language","level":3,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986862884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7553","display_name":"Language translation","level":3,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.25679999589920044}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/enc68268.2025.11311863","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/enc68268.2025.11311863","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Mexican International Conference on Computer Science (ENC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.831089437007904}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3159892921","https://openalex.org/W3171439599","https://openalex.org/W3174724858","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4406654465","https://openalex.org/W4410947384","https://openalex.org/W4415797147"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1,101],"presents":[2],"the":[3,58,61,95,106,115],"design":[4],"and":[5,18,24,46,54,81,84,88,94,112,121],"training":[6],"of":[7,30,60,67,97,109,117],"a":[8,36,47,86],"large":[9],"language":[10],"model":[11,38,75],"(LLM)":[12],"for":[13],"bidirectional":[14],"translation":[15],"between":[16],"Spanish":[17],"Nahuatl,":[19],"focusing":[20],"on":[21],"technical":[22,87],"accuracy":[23],"cultural":[25],"relevance.":[26],"A":[27],"bilingual":[28],"corpus":[29],"7,500":[31],"sentence":[32],"pairs":[33],"was":[34,39,51,102],"constructed,":[35],"Transformer":[37],"trained":[40],"from":[41],"scratch":[42],"with":[43],"Sentence-Piece":[44],"tokenization,":[45],"functional":[48],"web":[49],"prototype":[50],"deployed.":[52],"BLEU":[53],"chrF++":[55],"metrics":[56],"confirm":[57],"viability":[59],"system,":[62],"which":[63],"preserves":[64],"linguistic":[65],"features":[66],"Nahuatl":[68],"frequently":[69],"omitted":[70],"by":[71,114],"generic":[72],"translators.":[73],"The":[74,100],"has":[76],"immediate":[77],"applications":[78],"in":[79],"educational":[80],"community":[82],"contexts":[83],"represents":[85],"social":[89],"contribution":[90],"toward":[91],"digital":[92],"inclusion":[93],"preservation":[96],"indigenous":[98],"languages.":[99],"carried":[103],"out":[104],"at":[105],"TecNM/Apizaco":[107],"Institute":[108],"Technology":[110,120],"(ITA)":[111],"supported":[113],"Secretariat":[116],"Science,":[118],"Humanities,":[119],"Innovation":[122],"(SECIHTI).":[123]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-30T09:15:22.047038","created_date":"2026-01-02T00:00:00"}