{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405488830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782876","title":"EUFormer: Learning Driven 3D Spine Deformity Assessment with Orthogonal Optical Images","display_name":"EUFormer: Learning Driven 3D Spine Deformity Assessment with Orthogonal Optical Images","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405488830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782876","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40031474"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782876","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782876","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001473276","display_name":"Nan Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2821-7474"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nan Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050846738","display_name":"Jason Pui Yin Cheung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7052-0875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason P.Y. Cheung","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068307801","display_name":"Tao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5504-7848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084948021","display_name":"Moxin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6577-4520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moxin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115589974","display_name":"Yue Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5170-6826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044624527","display_name":"Chenxi Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2813-9528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenxi Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112127844","display_name":"Chang Liang Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0692-1652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100372506","display_name":"Teng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-8766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001473276"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6886,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67637387,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2024","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11030","display_name":"Scoliosis diagnosis and treatment","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10776","display_name":"Spinal Fractures and Fixation Techniques","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spine","display_name":"SPINE (molecular biology)","score":0.7034999132156372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.564910352230072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4516356587409973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deformity","display_name":"Deformity","score":0.4275059700012207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthodontics","display_name":"Orthodontics","score":0.38517072796821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3556361198425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3018952012062073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.1897728443145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics","display_name":"Bioinformatics","score":0.0538657009601593}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205383261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7392570","display_name":"SPINE (molecular biology)","level":2,"score":0.7034999132156372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.564910352230072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4516356587409973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779982284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1182746","display_name":"Deformity","level":2,"score":0.4275059700012207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.38517072796821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3556361198425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3018952012062073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.1897728443145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.0538657009601593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012600","descriptor_name":"Scoliosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012600","descriptor_name":"Scoliosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012600","descriptor_name":"Scoliosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012600","descriptor_name":"Scoliosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012600","descriptor_name":"Scoliosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012600","descriptor_name":"Scoliosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013131","descriptor_name":"Spine","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013131","descriptor_name":"Spine","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013131","descriptor_name":"Spine","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013131","descriptor_name":"Spine","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013131","descriptor_name":"Spine","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013131","descriptor_name":"Spine","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D061848","descriptor_name":"Optical Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061848","descriptor_name":"Optical Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061848","descriptor_name":"Optical Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D061848","descriptor_name":"Optical Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782876","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782876","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:40031474","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40031474","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:hub.hku.hk:10722/359541","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/359541","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196271","display_name":"The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","host_organization_name":"University of Hong Kong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference_Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338440","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Health","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1894105299","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2002983477","https://openalex.org/W2145943055","https://openalex.org/W2152750261","https://openalex.org/W2476548250","https://openalex.org/W2516717198","https://openalex.org/W2793387094","https://openalex.org/W2891120039","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W4205301424","https://openalex.org/W4312812783","https://openalex.org/W4381684054","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386084021"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"clinical":[1],"settings,":[2],"the":[3,66,77,93,99,135,140],"screening,":[4],"diagnosis,":[5],"and":[6,48,82,112],"monitoring":[7],"of":[8,120,142],"adolescent":[9],"idiopathic":[10],"scoliosis":[11,41],"(AIS)":[12],"typically":[13],"involve":[14],"physical":[15,20],"or":[16],"radiographic":[17,25],"examinations.":[18],"However,":[19],"examinations":[21,26],"are":[22,61],"subjective,":[23],"while":[24],"expose":[27],"patients":[28],"to":[29,55,64,155],"harmful":[30],"radiation.":[31],"Consequently,":[32],"we":[33,84],"propose":[34,86],"a":[35,146,157],"pipeline":[36,44],"that":[37,134],"can":[38,96],"accurately":[39,81],"determine":[40],"severity.":[42],"This":[43,131],"utilizes":[45],"posteroanterior":[46],"(PA)":[47],"lateral":[49],"(LAT)":[50],"RGB":[51],"images":[52],"as":[53,92],"input":[54],"generate":[56,76],"spine":[57,69,79,107,123,148,159],"curve":[58,70,124],"maps,":[59],"which":[60],"then":[62],"used":[63],"reconstruct":[65],"three-dimensional":[67],"(3D)":[68],"for":[71,138],"AIS":[72],"severity":[73,141],"grading.":[74],"To":[75],"2D":[78,158],"curves":[80,108],"efficiently,":[83],"further":[85],"an":[87],"Efficient":[88],"U-shape":[89,129],"transFormer":[90],"(EUFormer)":[91],"generator.":[94],"It":[95],"efficiently":[97],"utilize":[98],"learned":[100],"feature":[101],"across":[102],"channels,":[103],"therefore":[104],"producing":[105],"consecutive":[106],"from":[109],"both":[110],"PA":[111],"LAT":[113],"views.":[114],"Experimental":[115],"results":[116],"demonstrate":[117],"superior":[118],"performance":[119],"EUFormer":[121],"on":[122,145],"generation":[125],"against":[126],"other":[127],"classical":[128],"models.":[130],"finding":[132],"demonstrates":[133],"proposed":[136],"method":[137],"grading":[139],"AIS,":[143],"based":[144],"3D":[147],"curve,":[149],"is":[150],"more":[151],"accurate":[152],"when":[153],"compared":[154],"using":[156],"curve.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-10T08:33:47.465468","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}