{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405488903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782506","title":"Open Set Medical Diagnosis via Difficulty-Aware Multi-Label Thorax Disease Classification","display_name":"Open Set Medical Diagnosis via Difficulty-Aware Multi-Label Thorax Disease Classification","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405488903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782506","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40039027"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782506","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782506","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038484959","display_name":"Kyungdeuk Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3461-8645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kyungdeuk Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University,School of Electrical Engineering,Seoul,South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University,School of Electrical Engineering,Seoul,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076848578","display_name":"Bokyeung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6826-6732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bokyeung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University,School of Electrical Engineering,Seoul,South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University,School of Electrical Engineering,Seoul,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040898956","display_name":"Jonghwan Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9975-3958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonghwan Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University,School of Electrical Engineering,Seoul,South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University,School of Electrical Engineering,Seoul,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026204977","display_name":"Hanseok Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8744-4514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanseok Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University,School of Electrical Engineering,Seoul,South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University,School of Electrical Engineering,Seoul,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038484959"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20353489,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2024","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thorax","display_name":"Thorax (insect anatomy)","score":0.7115540504455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6913791298866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5421446561813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40780386328697205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3330448865890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.30370599031448364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.10009884834289551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.06950971484184265}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97834683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942508","display_name":"Thorax (insect anatomy)","level":2,"score":0.7115540504455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6913791298866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5421446561813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40780386328697205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3330448865890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.30370599031448364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.10009884834289551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.06950971484184265}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013896","descriptor_name":"Thoracic Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013896","descriptor_name":"Thoracic Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013896","descriptor_name":"Thoracic Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013896","descriptor_name":"Thoracic Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013896","descriptor_name":"Thoracic Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013896","descriptor_name":"Thoracic Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013896","descriptor_name":"Thoracic Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013896","descriptor_name":"Thoracic Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013896","descriptor_name":"Thoracic Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013896","descriptor_name":"Thoracic Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013896","descriptor_name":"Thoracic Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013896","descriptor_name":"Thoracic Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782506","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782506","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:40039027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40039027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2296719434","https://openalex.org/W2531327146","https://openalex.org/W2611650229","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2973218493","https://openalex.org/W2982519139","https://openalex.org/W2990138404","https://openalex.org/W3096740890","https://openalex.org/W3101156210","https://openalex.org/W3105081694","https://openalex.org/W3112906266","https://openalex.org/W3118707261","https://openalex.org/W3128235422","https://openalex.org/W3175238080","https://openalex.org/W3177034761","https://openalex.org/W3195516695","https://openalex.org/W4254182148","https://openalex.org/W4283730082","https://openalex.org/W4312447943","https://openalex.org/W4319300958","https://openalex.org/W4386071635","https://openalex.org/W4387211059","https://openalex.org/W4389543279","https://openalex.org/W6728622933","https://openalex.org/W6752760542","https://openalex.org/W6784323503","https://openalex.org/W6801748121"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3031052312","https://openalex.org/W4389568370","https://openalex.org/W3032375762","https://openalex.org/W1995515455","https://openalex.org/W2080531066","https://openalex.org/W3108674512","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Interest":[0],"in":[1,87,112,125],"emerging":[2],"diseases":[3,28],"is":[4,20,46,54],"increasing":[5],"due":[6],"to":[7,65,80,117],"recent":[8],"global":[9],"outbreaks":[10],"like":[11],"COVID-19.":[12],"Unlike":[13],"general":[14],"image":[15],"classification":[16,23,128],"tasks,":[17],"medical":[18,67,77,105],"imaging":[19],"a":[21,74],"multi-label":[22,88,104,127],"that":[24,43,119],"can":[25],"have":[26],"multiple":[27],"simultaneously.":[29],"Then,":[30],"suppose":[31],"the":[32,40,56,82],"results":[33],"of":[34,85],"all":[35],"classes":[36],"do":[37],"not":[38,108],"exceed":[39],"thresholds.":[41,99],"In":[42,69],"case,":[44],"it":[45],"classified":[47],"as":[48],"normal":[49,131],"rather":[50],"than":[51],"unknown.":[52,133],"This":[53],"why":[55],"existing":[57],"open-set":[58,66,76,103],"recognition":[59],"(OSR)":[60],"methods":[61],"cannot":[62],"be":[63],"applied":[64],"diagnosis.":[68],"this":[70,92],"paper,":[71],"we":[72,94],"propose":[73],"novel":[75],"diagnosis":[78,106],"method":[79,122],"solve":[81,91],"fundamental":[83],"problem":[84],"OSR":[86],"classification.":[89],"To":[90,100],"problem,":[93],"employ":[95],"Copycat":[96],"and":[97,129,132],"entropy-based":[98],"our":[101,120],"knowledge,":[102],"has":[107],"yet":[109],"been":[110],"addressed":[111],"research.":[113],"We":[114],"conduct":[115],"experiments":[116],"confirm":[118],"proposed":[121],"performs":[123],"well":[124],"both":[126],"recognizing":[130]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-19T08:33:51.333923","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
