{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405488773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782407","title":"Enhancing Word-Level Imagined Speech BCI Through Heterogeneous Transfer Learning","display_name":"Enhancing Word-Level Imagined Speech BCI Through Heterogeneous Transfer Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405488773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782407","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40031461"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782407","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782407","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100413585","display_name":"Ang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-5129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111959","display_name":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02br7py06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210111959"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Advanced Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai,China,201210"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai,China,201210","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111959","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114059403","display_name":"Z. F. Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111959","display_name":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02br7py06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210111959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Advanced Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai,China,201210"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai,China,201210","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111959","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100773038","display_name":"Xi Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8019-5423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai University,School of Microelectronics,Shanghai,China,200444"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai University,School of Microelectronics,Shanghai,China,200444","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091777215","display_name":"Tianheng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7152-1378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111959","display_name":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02br7py06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210111959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianheng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Advanced Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai,China,201210"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai,China,201210","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111959","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064073489","display_name":"Ting Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0420-0566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111959","display_name":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02br7py06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210111959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Advanced Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai,China,201210"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai,China,201210","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111959","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084889205","display_name":"Honglin Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4665-5278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honglin Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China,100049"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China,100049","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100413585"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210111959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9926,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76531954,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2024","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.7346392869949341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7160631418228149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6000475883483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.583274245262146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.47418293356895447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4056280851364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35509103536605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.17902833223342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.1658896803855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1554926633834839}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.7346392869949341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7160631418228149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6000475883483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.583274245262146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.47418293356895447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4056280851364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35509103536605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.17902833223342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.1658896803855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1554926633834839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007092","descriptor_name":"Imagination","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007092","descriptor_name":"Imagination","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007092","descriptor_name":"Imagination","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007092","descriptor_name":"Imagination","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782407","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782407","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:40031461","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40031461","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2559463885","https://openalex.org/W2738926490","https://openalex.org/W2739095506","https://openalex.org/W2741907166","https://openalex.org/W2922073769","https://openalex.org/W2962777715","https://openalex.org/W2985109106","https://openalex.org/W3041698047","https://openalex.org/W3102455230","https://openalex.org/W3107800993","https://openalex.org/W3115305254","https://openalex.org/W4286697392","https://openalex.org/W4312597583"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3202969339","https://openalex.org/W4237513258","https://openalex.org/W2044053727","https://openalex.org/W1994410349","https://openalex.org/W3177028067","https://openalex.org/W1913385466","https://openalex.org/W2914170859","https://openalex.org/W2889342546","https://openalex.org/W3153926117","https://openalex.org/W2296205523"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,33],"this":[1,107],"study,":[2],"we":[3,148],"proposed":[4,165],"a":[5,114,175,186],"novel":[6],"heterogeneous":[7],"transfer":[8],"learning":[9],"approach":[10,167,180],"named":[11],"Focused":[12],"Speech":[13,28],"Feature":[14],"Transfer":[15],"Learning":[16],"(FSFTL),":[17],"aimed":[18],"at":[19],"enhancing":[20],"the":[21,36,48,56,67,73,84,91,134,146,150,153,158,161,182,199,221],"performance":[22],"of":[23,72,130,160,201,206,224],"electroencephalogram":[24],"(EEG)-based":[25],"word-level":[26,85,225],"Imagined":[27],"(IS)":[29],"Brain-Computer":[30],"Interface":[31],"(BCI).":[32],"IS":[34,100,119,207,226],"BCI,":[35],"classification":[37,58,76,131,143],"accuracy":[38,59,191],"for":[39,60,83,98,117,219],"imagining":[40],"specific":[41],"words":[42],"is":[43,62,217],"relatively":[44],"low":[45],"due":[46],"to":[47,78,113,125,140,156],"inherent":[49],"complexity":[50],"in":[51,90,102,189,203],"high-level":[52],"feature":[53,69,88,111,135,162],"variations.":[54],"However,":[55],"binary":[57,74],"IS/rest":[61],"significantly":[63],"higher.":[64],"FSFTL":[65,166,179],"leverages":[66],"refined":[68],"focusing":[70],"capability":[71],"IS/Rest":[75,92],"task":[77],"effectively":[79],"locate":[80],"relevant":[81],"features":[82,101,202],"task.":[86,120],"The":[87,121,178],"extractor":[89,112,136],"model":[93],"demonstrates":[94],"robust":[95],"decoding":[96,222],"ability":[97,223],"low-level":[99],"EEG":[103,172,204],"signals.":[104],"We":[105],"applied":[106],"high-performance":[108],"yet":[109],"low-resolution":[110],"public":[115],"dataset":[116],"five-word":[118],"classifier":[122],"was":[123,137,168],"retrained":[124],"handle":[126],"an":[127],"increased":[128],"number":[129],"categories,":[132],"and":[133,208,214],"further":[138],"fine-tuned":[139],"accommodate":[141],"higher-level":[142],"tasks.":[144],"Before":[145],"experiment,":[147],"aligned":[149],"data":[151,205],"from":[152],"two":[154],"datasets":[155,213],"maintain":[157],"versatility":[159],"extractor.":[163],"Our":[164],"compared":[169],"with":[170,185],"existing":[171],"models,":[173],"showing":[174],"significant":[176],"improvement.":[177],"outperformed":[181],"backbone":[183],"strategy":[184],"6%":[187],"increase":[188],"mean":[190],"across":[192,211],"all":[193],"fifteen":[194],"subjects.":[195],"This":[196],"study":[197],"highlights":[198],"commonality":[200],"their":[209],"transferability":[210],"various":[212],"tasks,":[215],"which":[216],"beneficial":[218],"improving":[220],"BCI.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}