{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405490588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782216","title":"Small Lesions, Big Impact: An Automated Segmentation Framework for Brain Metastases<sup>*</sup>","display_name":"Small Lesions, Big Impact: An Automated Segmentation Framework for Brain Metastases<sup>*</sup>","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405490588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782216","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40039917"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782216","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782216","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113006068","display_name":"Nauman Bashir Bhatti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455969","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nauman Bashir Bhatti","raw_affiliation_strings":["York University,Lassonde School of Engineering,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Toronto,ON,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"York University,Lassonde School of Engineering,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Toronto,ON,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017745259","display_name":"Ali Sadeghi\u2010Naini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5055-339X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455969","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Sadeghi-Naini","raw_affiliation_strings":["York University,Lassonde School of Engineering,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Toronto,ON,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"York University,Lassonde School of Engineering,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Toronto,ON,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113006068"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3846,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69236893,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2024","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11600","display_name":"Brain Metastases and Treatment","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11600","display_name":"Brain Metastases and Treatment","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.602959156036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5413628816604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4819495379924774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3795124590396881}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.602959156036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5413628816604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4819495379924774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3795124590396881}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000556","qualifier_name":"secondary","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000556","qualifier_name":"secondary","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000556","qualifier_name":"secondary","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016634","descriptor_name":"Radiosurgery","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016634","descriptor_name":"Radiosurgery","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016634","descriptor_name":"Radiosurgery","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782216","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782216","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:40039917","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40039917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2127199535","https://openalex.org/W2153127029","https://openalex.org/W2154981222","https://openalex.org/W2160382843","https://openalex.org/W2464708700","https://openalex.org/W2525157777","https://openalex.org/W2781751190","https://openalex.org/W2893457968","https://openalex.org/W2998471640","https://openalex.org/W3005704292","https://openalex.org/W3031101471","https://openalex.org/W3082571599","https://openalex.org/W3085873496","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3140570490","https://openalex.org/W3142164167","https://openalex.org/W3203841574","https://openalex.org/W3208806084","https://openalex.org/W4212875960","https://openalex.org/W4221163766","https://openalex.org/W4306938191","https://openalex.org/W4310055273","https://openalex.org/W4313839306","https://openalex.org/W4321596314","https://openalex.org/W4327571597","https://openalex.org/W4379258928","https://openalex.org/W4384561507","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4391995382","https://openalex.org/W6853057745"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"delineation":[1],"of":[2,20,45,71,89,103,113,152,169],"brain":[3,32,46,72,104,212],"metastases":[4,73,105],"on":[5,77,106,138,162],"MRI":[6,108],"is":[7,23,125,199],"crucial":[8],"for":[9,28,42,68,81,129,211],"effective":[10],"radiation":[11],"treatment":[12],"planning":[13,207],"and":[14,25,136,148,156,208],"outcome":[15,209],"evaluation.":[16],"However,":[17],"manual":[18],"segmentation":[19,44,70,124,177],"these":[21,49],"images":[22],"resource-intensive":[24],"time-consuming,":[26],"especially":[27],"patients":[29],"with":[30,74,94,174],"multiple":[31],"metastases.":[33],"Recently,":[34],"several":[35],"deep":[36,65],"learning-based":[37],"approaches":[38,50],"have":[39,62],"been":[40],"introduced":[41,63],"the":[43,79,87,100,111,139,170],"tumors;":[47],"however,":[48],"generally":[51],"fail":[52],"to":[53,98],"delineate":[54],"small":[55],"lesions":[56],"accurately.":[57],"In":[58,110],"this":[59,116,197],"paper,":[60],"we":[61],"a":[64,75,95,126,145,187,200],"learning":[66],"framework":[67,133,171],"automatic":[69],"focus":[76],"improving":[78],"accuracy":[80],"smaller":[82],"lesions.":[83],"Our":[84],"approach":[85],"utilizes":[86],"strengths":[88],"Swin":[90],"Transformer's":[91],"attention":[92],"mechanism":[93],"hierarchical":[96],"encoder":[97],"capture":[99],"intricate":[101],"characteristics":[102],"multi-modal":[107],"precisely.":[109],"context":[112],"stereotactic":[114,205],"radiotherapy,":[115],"precision-focused":[117],"strategy":[118],"holds":[119],"particular":[120],"significance,":[121],"where":[122,142,184],"accurate":[123],"necessity":[127],"even":[128],"tiny":[130],"tumors.":[131,213],"The":[132,167],"was":[134,172],"trained":[135],"validated":[137],"BraTS-METS":[140],"dataset,":[141],"it":[143,185],"achieved":[144],"Dice":[146],"score":[147],"volume":[149],"estimation":[150],"error":[151],"84.4":[153],"\u00b1":[154,158],"3.4":[155],"0.37":[157],"0.4":[159],"cc,":[160],"respectively,":[161],"an":[163],"independent":[164],"test":[165],"set.":[166],"performance":[168],"compared":[173],"two":[175],"state-of-the-art":[176],"models":[178],"over":[179],"different":[180],"tumor":[181],"size":[182],"categories,":[183],"demonstrated":[186],"considerable":[188],"improvement":[189],"in":[190],"all":[191],"experiments.":[192],"Beyond":[193],"its":[194],"technical":[195],"accomplishments,":[196],"study":[198],"step":[201],"forward":[202],"towards":[203],"automating":[204],"radiotherapy":[206],"evaluation":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-08T15:41:06.802602","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}