{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405489913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782101","title":"The Combine of GLCM and Group, Focuses on the Grayscale of Medical Images","display_name":"The Combine of GLCM and Group, Focuses on the Grayscale of Medical Images","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405489913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782101","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40038986"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782101","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056607100","display_name":"Zechen Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7157-8721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zechen Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwest University,School of IST,Xi’an,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwest University,School of IST,Xi’an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101013626","display_name":"Chao Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1379-760X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwest University,School of IST,Xi’an,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwest University,School of IST,Xi’an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100584413","display_name":"Congqian Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Congqian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwest University,School of IST,Xi’an,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwest University,School of IST,Xi’an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100415842","display_name":"Miao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4102-8582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwest University,School of IST,Xi’an,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwest University,School of IST,Xi’an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100663896","display_name":"Lizhi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6842-9167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lizhi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwest University,School of IST,Xi’an,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwest University,School of IST,Xi’an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060690411","display_name":"Xiaowei He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2126-178X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowei He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwest University,School of IST,Xi’an,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwest University,School of IST,Xi’an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044123947","display_name":"Xuelei He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8624-0130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuelei He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwest University,School of IST,Xi’an,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwest University,School of IST,Xi’an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9329,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88016656,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2024","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.929171621799469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6728180646896362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6622111201286316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6461798548698425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","score":0.5112292766571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.4634321630001068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.24808740615844727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.929171621799469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6728180646896362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6622111201286316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6461798548698425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.5112292766571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.4634321630001068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.24808740615844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003952","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003952","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003952","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006528","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006528","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006528","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006528","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006528","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782101","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:40038986","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40038986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322439","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1902237438","https://openalex.org/W2083927153","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2922509574","https://openalex.org/W2955058313","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W3016719260","https://openalex.org/W3023742835","https://openalex.org/W3200868928","https://openalex.org/W4317209201"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2649341231","https://openalex.org/W4380449972","https://openalex.org/W2032060170","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Medical":[0],"image":[1,46,98,146],"classification":[2,33,66],"is":[3,29],"very":[4],"important":[5],"in":[6,62,65],"the":[7,40,56,81,91,104,136],"diagnosis":[8],"of":[9,22,44,58,83,93,110,126],"hepatocellular":[10],"carcinoma,":[11],"which":[12],"can":[13],"provide":[14],"more":[15],"accurate":[16,20],"computer-aided":[17],"diagnosis,":[18],"and":[19,48,68,76,87,108,119,130],"extraction":[21,42],"key":[23],"semantic":[24],"information":[25],"from":[26,55,80],"medical":[27,59,97,145],"data":[28],"crucial":[30],"to":[31,89],"improve":[32,90],"performance.":[34,70],"However,":[35],"many":[36],"studies":[37],"focus":[38],"on":[39,132],"feature":[41],"module":[43,79],"natural":[45],"design,":[47],"do":[49],"not":[50],"carry":[51],"out":[52],"targeted":[53],"design":[54],"perspective":[57,82],"images,":[60],"resulting":[61],"limited":[63],"improvement":[64],"performance":[67,92],"mediocre":[69],"Therefore,":[71],"we":[72],"designed":[73],"a":[74],"plug":[75],"play":[77],"attention":[78],"Grey-Level":[84],"Cooccurrence":[85],"Matrix":[86],"groups":[88],"backbone":[94],"network":[95],"for":[96,122,144],"classification.":[99,147],"The":[100,124],"results":[101],"showed":[102],"that":[103,135],"Sensitivity,":[105],"Specificity,":[106],"ACC":[107],"AUC":[109],"our":[111],"method":[112,138],"were":[113],"increased":[114],"by":[115],"0.0394,":[116,127],"0.0184,":[117],"5.26%":[118],"0.0399,":[120],"respectively,":[121],"ResNet18.":[123],"improvements":[125],"-0.0263,":[128],"1.75%":[129],"0.0074":[131],"MobileNetv3":[133],"indicate":[134],"proposed":[137],"has":[139],"advantages":[140],"over":[141],"other":[142],"methods":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-30T07:30:35.949966","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}