{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405489074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782063","title":"Spinal Noradrenergic Alpha-2 Receptors Mediate the Antinociceptive Effects of Therapeutic Intraspinal Microstimulation","display_name":"Spinal Noradrenergic Alpha-2 Receptors Mediate the Antinociceptive Effects of Therapeutic Intraspinal Microstimulation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405489074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782063","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40039198"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782063","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782063","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048112602","display_name":"Javier Lucas\u2010Romero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3590-538X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Lucas-Romero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Washington University School of Medicine,Program in Physical Therapy,St. Louis,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington University School of Medicine,Program in Physical Therapy,St. Louis,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003396511","display_name":"Maria F. Bandres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1806-7783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria F. Bandres","raw_affiliation_strings":["Washington University School of Medicine,Program in Physical Therapy,Dept. of Biomedical Engineering,St. Louis,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington University School of Medicine,Program in Physical Therapy,Dept. of Biomedical Engineering,St. Louis,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023366843","display_name":"Jacob G. McPherson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4554-7531"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacob G. McPherson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Washingon Univ. Pain Ctr Washington University School of Medicine,Prog. Physical Therapy,Dept. of Anesthesiology; Prog. Neurosciences; Dept. of Biomed. Eng.,St. Louis,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washingon Univ. Pain Ctr Washington University School of Medicine,Prog. Physical Therapy,Dept. of Anesthesiology; Prog. Neurosciences; Dept. of Biomed. Eng.,St. Louis,USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40653873,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2024","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10196","display_name":"Pain Mechanisms and Treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10196","display_name":"Pain Mechanisms and Treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11292","display_name":"Pediatric Pain Management Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microstimulation","display_name":"Microstimulation","score":0.9206417798995972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nociception","display_name":"Nociception","score":0.6933987736701965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receptor","display_name":"Receptor","score":0.6158753037452698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha","display_name":"Alpha (finance)","score":0.6077027320861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.5753328800201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-2-adrenergic-receptor","display_name":"Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor","score":0.47650590538978577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adrenergic-receptor","display_name":"Adrenergic receptor","score":0.45472848415374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacology","display_name":"Pharmacology","score":0.40959298610687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3554661273956299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.24179348349571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.1890125572681427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.13296213746070862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.07100242376327515}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778970358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6840343","display_name":"Microstimulation","level":3,"score":0.9206417798995972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15490471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2734305","display_name":"Nociception","level":3,"score":0.6933987736701965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.6158753037452698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64943373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2651003","display_name":"Alpha (finance)","level":4,"score":0.6077027320861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5753328800201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13348194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288084","display_name":"Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor","level":3,"score":0.47650590538978577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40465926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410568","display_name":"Adrenergic receptor","level":3,"score":0.45472848415374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.40959298610687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3554661273956299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.24179348349571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1890125572681427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.13296213746070862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.07100242376327515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775944032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22907659","display_name":"Patient satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49453240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1592163","display_name":"Construct validity","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000700","descriptor_name":"Analgesics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000700","descriptor_name":"Analgesics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000700","descriptor_name":"Analgesics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004599","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004599","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004599","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013116","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013116","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013116","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013116","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013116","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013116","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013116","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013116","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017207","descriptor_name":"Rats, Sprague-Dawley","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017207","descriptor_name":"Rats, Sprague-Dawley","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017207","descriptor_name":"Rats, Sprague-Dawley","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017207","descriptor_name":"Rats, Sprague-Dawley","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018341","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018341","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018341","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018341","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782063","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782063","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:40039198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40039198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338440","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Health","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964268043","https://openalex.org/W1969049787","https://openalex.org/W1990716115","https://openalex.org/W1991125283","https://openalex.org/W2000018847","https://openalex.org/W2026860625","https://openalex.org/W2036867592","https://openalex.org/W2056323227","https://openalex.org/W2062700118","https://openalex.org/W2080609613","https://openalex.org/W2084752974","https://openalex.org/W2121290855","https://openalex.org/W2165818327","https://openalex.org/W2168816659","https://openalex.org/W2460408215","https://openalex.org/W2528857413","https://openalex.org/W3142990994","https://openalex.org/W4306147066","https://openalex.org/W4380871226"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2415805673","https://openalex.org/W3082312580","https://openalex.org/W2417613139","https://openalex.org/W3099573689","https://openalex.org/W1976259837","https://openalex.org/W1992314985","https://openalex.org/W2423963326","https://openalex.org/W2081189719","https://openalex.org/W2156960407","https://openalex.org/W2027742576"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,9,38,49,69,99],"role":[4],"of":[5,12,101],"noradrenergic":[6],"signaling":[7],"in":[8,81,98],"antinociceptive":[10,79],"effects":[11,55,80,88],"intraspinal":[13,34],"microstimulation":[14,35],"intended":[15],"to":[16,42,72],"restore":[17],"movement":[18],"after":[19,60],"spinal":[20,30,50],"cord":[21,31,51],"injury.":[22],"Two":[23],"rat":[24],"cohorts,":[25],"intact":[26,83],"and":[27,37,84],"with":[28,58],"chronic":[29],"injury,":[32],"underwent":[33],"(ISMS),":[36],"multiunit":[39],"neuronal":[40],"response":[41,71],"peripheral":[43],"noxious":[44],"stimulation":[45],"was":[46],"examined":[47],"at":[48],"level.":[52],"The":[53],"observed":[54],"were":[56,89],"compared":[57],"those":[59],"blocking":[61,92],"alpha-2":[62,93],"adrenergic":[63],"receptors":[64],"using":[65],"RX821002.":[66],"SCI":[67],"heightened":[68],"nociceptive":[70,102],"pinch":[73],"stimulation,":[74],"but":[75],"ISMS":[76],"exhibited":[77],"clear":[78],"both":[82],"injured":[85],"groups.":[86],"These":[87],"nullified":[90],"by":[91,105],"receptors,":[94],"highlighting":[95],"their":[96],"involvement":[97],"depression":[100],"processing":[103],"induced":[104],"ISMS.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-08T01:25:22.217667","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}