{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405489075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782059","title":"Stability Assessment of Ultramicroelectrode Arrays in Neural Stimulation: an Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis","display_name":"Stability Assessment of Ultramicroelectrode Arrays in Neural Stimulation: an Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405489075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782059","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40039403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782059","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782059","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12849237/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053353345","display_name":"Quanfeng Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4886-3361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiwei Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida,Department of Electrical &amp; Computer Engineering"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida,Department of Electrical &amp; Computer Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115513398","display_name":"Cynthia Ezeh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cynthia Ezeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida,Department of Chemical Engineering"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida,Department of Chemical Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063745811","display_name":"Yupeng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4717-5217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139016","display_name":"Material Sciences (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/046v9f126","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139016"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yupeng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Dallas,Department of Bioengineering and Department of Material Sciences &amp; Engineering"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Dallas,Department of Bioengineering and Department of Material Sciences &amp; Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139016","https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057275068","display_name":"J.F. Hetke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159108","display_name":"NeuroNexus (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/050n5zj41","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159108"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jamille F. Hetke","raw_affiliation_strings":["NeuroNexus"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NeuroNexus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159108"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051829003","display_name":"Stuart F. Cogan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6316-3032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139016","display_name":"Material Sciences (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/046v9f126","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139016"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stuart Cogan","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Dallas,Department of Bioengineering and Department of Material Sciences &amp; Engineering"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Dallas,Department of Bioengineering and Department of Material Sciences &amp; Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139016","https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085356105","display_name":"Mark E. Orazem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3668-7767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark E. Orazem","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida,Department of Chemical Engineering"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida,Department of Chemical Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019075609","display_name":"Kevin J. Otto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2317-6194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin J. Otto","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida,J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida,J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053353345"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7754,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71718891,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2024","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultramicroelectrode","display_name":"Ultramicroelectrode","score":0.9341176152229309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric-spectroscopy","display_name":"Dielectric spectroscopy","score":0.7317867875099182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.6625423431396484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.589718222618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microelectrode","display_name":"Microelectrode","score":0.570896565914154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroscopy","display_name":"Spectroscopy","score":0.4337818920612335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrochemistry","display_name":"Electrochemistry","score":0.3637930154800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-chemistry","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","score":0.3426729440689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.25682395696640015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.21095892786979675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclic-voltammetry","display_name":"Cyclic voltammetry","score":0.18998074531555176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13163593411445618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12927159667015076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11994579434394836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography","display_name":"Chromatography","score":0.10000759363174438}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778641217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7880602","display_name":"Ultramicroelectrode","level":5,"score":0.9341176152229309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7040849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899580","display_name":"Dielectric spectroscopy","level":4,"score":0.7317867875099182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.6625423431396484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.589718222618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111670793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16979465","display_name":"Microelectrode","level":3,"score":0.570896565914154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.4337818920612335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.3637930154800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.3426729440689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.25682395696640015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.21095892786979675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777869211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647","display_name":"Cyclic voltammetry","level":4,"score":0.18998074531555176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13163593411445618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12927159667015076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11994579434394836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.10000759363174438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004567","descriptor_name":"Electrodes, Implanted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004567","descriptor_name":"Electrodes, Implanted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004567","descriptor_name":"Electrodes, Implanted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004567","descriptor_name":"Electrodes, Implanted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008839","descriptor_name":"Microelectrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008839","descriptor_name":"Microelectrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008839","descriptor_name":"Microelectrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008839","descriptor_name":"Microelectrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008839","descriptor_name":"Microelectrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017207","descriptor_name":"Rats, Sprague-Dawley","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017207","descriptor_name":"Rats, Sprague-Dawley","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017207","descriptor_name":"Rats, Sprague-Dawley","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017207","descriptor_name":"Rats, Sprague-Dawley","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017207","descriptor_name":"Rats, Sprague-Dawley","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058266","descriptor_name":"Dielectric Spectroscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058266","descriptor_name":"Dielectric Spectroscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058266","descriptor_name":"Dielectric Spectroscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058266","descriptor_name":"Dielectric Spectroscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058266","descriptor_name":"Dielectric Spectroscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058266","descriptor_name":"Dielectric Spectroscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058266","descriptor_name":"Dielectric Spectroscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058266","descriptor_name":"Dielectric Spectroscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058266","descriptor_name":"Dielectric Spectroscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058266","descriptor_name":"Dielectric Spectroscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782059","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782059","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:40039403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40039403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12849237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12849237/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12849237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12849237/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016482630","https://openalex.org/W2144976153","https://openalex.org/W2529123936","https://openalex.org/W2588766868","https://openalex.org/W2767493192","https://openalex.org/W3198869331","https://openalex.org/W4205709116","https://openalex.org/W4233096244","https://openalex.org/W4282836849","https://openalex.org/W4320907267","https://openalex.org/W6728942321","https://openalex.org/W6745030251","https://openalex.org/W6774883939","https://openalex.org/W6791955424","https://openalex.org/W6839179002"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2466812305","https://openalex.org/W3156351115","https://openalex.org/W2138311094","https://openalex.org/W2039999145","https://openalex.org/W3143631458","https://openalex.org/W2068623945","https://openalex.org/W4243773385","https://openalex.org/W2726603915","https://openalex.org/W1997246058","https://openalex.org/W2050511751"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"overall":[1],"focus":[2],"of":[3,14,63,65,89,174,190,211],"this":[4,49],"research":[5,184],"program":[6],"is":[7],"to":[8,30,34,59,168,186],"investigate":[9],"the":[10,26,61,114,138,144,166,170,187,209],"viability":[11],"and":[12,18,70,91,112,159,178,204,214],"safety":[13],"microelectrode":[15],"arrays":[16,20,79],"(MEAs)":[17],"ultramicroelectrode":[19],"(UMEAs)":[21],"for":[22,39,143,208],"microstimulation":[23],"(\u00b5Stim)":[24],"in":[25,72,103,107,192,199],"brain.":[27],"We":[28,105],"aim":[29],"assess":[31,60,169],"their":[32],"potential":[33],"deliver":[35],"adequate":[36],"electrical":[37],"stimulation":[38,102],"neural":[40,212],"activation":[41],"without":[42],"causing":[43],"electrode":[44,78,84,122,151,179],"or":[45],"tissue":[46],"damage.":[47],"To":[48,136],"end,":[50],"here":[51],"we":[52,98,147],"conducted":[53,106],"galvanostatic":[54],"Electrochemical":[55],"Impedance":[56],"Spectroscopy":[57],"(EIS)":[58],"behavior":[62,129],"electrodes":[64],"various":[66],"diameters":[67,85],"both":[68],"pre-":[69],"post-stimulation":[71],"a":[73,131,149,156,160],"rat":[74],"model.":[75],"Our":[76,117],"first-generation":[77],"(G1)":[80],"were":[81],"designed":[82,148],"with":[83],"spanning":[86],"3":[87],"orders":[88],"magnitude":[90],"including":[92,124],"subcellular":[93],"dimensions.":[94],"Using":[95],"these":[96,121],"devices,":[97],"delivered":[99],"0.4":[100,132],"nC/phase":[101,133],"vivo.":[104],"vitro":[108],"EIS":[109,139,176],"measurements":[110],"before":[111],"after":[113],"current":[115,134],"pulsing.":[116],"findings":[118],"show":[119],"that":[120,154],"arrays,":[123],"UMEAs,":[125],"exhibit":[126],"stable":[127],"electrochemical":[128],"following":[130],"pulse.":[135],"validate":[137],"frequency":[140],"range":[141],"used":[142],"G1":[145],"measurements,":[146],"second-generation":[150],"array":[152,164,180],"(G2)":[153],"included":[155],"terminating":[157],"lead":[158],"looping":[161],"lead.":[162],"This":[163,182],"provided":[165],"ability":[167],"accuracy":[171],"contour":[172],"plot":[173],"our":[175],"system":[177],"platform.":[181],"exploratory":[183],"contributes":[185],"ongoing":[188],"knowledge":[189],"UMEAs":[191],"\u00b5Stim":[193],"applications.":[194],"These":[195],"developments":[196],"may":[197],"result":[198],"high-fidelity,":[200],"non-damaging":[201],"multichannel":[202],"\u00b5Stim,":[203],"improved":[205],"neuromodulation":[206],"technology":[207],"treatment":[210],"diseases":[213],"injuries.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
