{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405489266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782022","title":"Towards Fluorescent-Tag-Less Viral Titration: Automated Estimation of Cell-Size Distribution and Infection Level from Phase-Contrast Microscopy Using Deep Learning and Transfer Learning","display_name":"Towards Fluorescent-Tag-Less Viral Titration: Automated Estimation of Cell-Size Distribution and Infection Level from Phase-Contrast Microscopy Using Deep Learning and Transfer Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405489266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782022","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40039040"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782022","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037146760","display_name":"Jagadeesh Mahadevan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0814-6437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65181880","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad","ror":"https://ror.org/01j4v3x97","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jagadeesh Mahadevan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Chemical Engineering,Hyderabad,India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Chemical Engineering,Hyderabad,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115513428","display_name":"Nishant Bogoria","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65181880","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad","ror":"https://ror.org/01j4v3x97","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137189","display_name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/03whr7s66","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137189"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nishant Bogoria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies (CIP),Hyderabad,India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies (CIP),Hyderabad,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65181880","https://openalex.org/I4210137189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056476319","display_name":"Satya Deepika Neelapala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4206-1971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65181880","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad","ror":"https://ror.org/01j4v3x97","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satya Deepika Neelapala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Chemical Engineering,Hyderabad,India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Chemical Engineering,Hyderabad,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113292022","display_name":"Dhruv Srikanth","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65181880","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad","ror":"https://ror.org/01j4v3x97","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dhruv Srikanth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Electrical Engineering,Hyderabad,India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Electrical Engineering,Hyderabad,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103070252","display_name":"Soumya Jana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2049-2239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65181880","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad","ror":"https://ror.org/01j4v3x97","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soumya Jana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Electrical Engineering,Hyderabad,India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Electrical Engineering,Hyderabad,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084880581","display_name":"Kishalay Mitra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5660-6878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65181880","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad","ror":"https://ror.org/01j4v3x97","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kishalay Mitra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Chemical Engineering,Hyderabad,India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Chemical Engineering,Hyderabad,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035016811","display_name":"Lopamudra Giri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2352-7919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65181880","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad","ror":"https://ror.org/01j4v3x97","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lopamudra Giri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Chemical Engineering,Hyderabad,India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Chemical Engineering,Hyderabad,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037146760"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6114,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8128027,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2024","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12867","display_name":"Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-contrast-microscopy","display_name":"Phase contrast microscopy","score":0.7659978866577148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.6627785563468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.6486296057701111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescence","display_name":"Fluorescence","score":0.6038869023323059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/titration","display_name":"Titration","score":0.5988706350326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microscopy","display_name":"Microscopy","score":0.5353211760520935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.47794249653816223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescence-microscope","display_name":"Fluorescence microscope","score":0.47646188735961914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.43671682476997375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-system","display_name":"Biological system","score":0.42779725790023804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4055285155773163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40475741028785706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.33124226331710815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.30311137437820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.19552791118621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.16045966744422913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13627943396568298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13143885135650635}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151193507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898815","display_name":"Phase contrast microscopy","level":2,"score":0.7659978866577148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.6627785563468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.6486296057701111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91881484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191807","display_name":"Fluorescence","level":2,"score":0.6038869023323059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184866935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191010","display_name":"Titration","level":2,"score":0.5988706350326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147080431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953","display_name":"Microscopy","level":2,"score":0.5353211760520935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.47794249653816223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169274487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840211","display_name":"Fluorescence microscope","level":3,"score":0.47646188735961914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43671682476997375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.42779725790023804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4055285155773163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40475741028785706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.33124226331710815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.30311137437820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.19552791118621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.16045966744422913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13627943396568298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13143885135650635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179104552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165","display_name":"Inorganic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008858","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Phase-Contrast","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008858","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Phase-Contrast","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008858","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Phase-Contrast","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D048429","descriptor_name":"Cell Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D048429","descriptor_name":"Cell Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D048429","descriptor_name":"Cell Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10782022","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:40039040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40039040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309618","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02b207r52"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14118475","https://openalex.org/W2031693543","https://openalex.org/W2043002547","https://openalex.org/W2161984489","https://openalex.org/W3105104152","https://openalex.org/W4377090795","https://openalex.org/W6852703390"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4211107619","https://openalex.org/W2182798531","https://openalex.org/W1500767623","https://openalex.org/W2161433272","https://openalex.org/W2894139091","https://openalex.org/W1637909","https://openalex.org/W1983780159","https://openalex.org/W659245948","https://openalex.org/W2793462084","https://openalex.org/W2094643072"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automated":[0],"detection":[1],"of":[2,8,15,29,45,96,99,181,190],"infected":[3,85,123,163],"insect":[4],"cells":[5,30,86,116,136],"is":[6,36,49],"one":[7],"the":[9,13,46,57,74,81,94,152,173,179,188],"crucial":[10],"tasks":[11],"in":[12,26,84,134,159],"field":[14],"recombinant":[16],"protein":[17,59,189],"production":[18],"and":[19,31,38,77,111,117,124,137,164],"vaccine":[20],"development.":[21],"The":[22,127,167],"major":[23],"challenge":[24],"lies":[25],"manual":[27],"segmentation":[28],"quantifying":[32],"cell":[33,75,119,139,160,169],"size":[34,76,120,140,153,161,170],"distribution":[35,121,154],"tedious":[37],"requires":[39,55],"extensive":[40],"effort.":[41],"While":[42],"such":[43],"assessment":[44],"infection":[47,182],"levels":[48,183],"possible":[50],"through":[51],"fluorescent":[52,62,185],"imaging,":[53],"it":[54],"tagging":[56,186],"expressed":[58],"with":[60,141],"a":[61,68,142,156],"marker.":[63],"In":[64],"contrast,":[65],"we":[66,149],"present":[67],"deep":[69],"learning-based":[70],"approach":[71],"to":[72,79,114,175,187],"obtain":[73],"thereby":[78],"detect":[80,115],"morphological":[82],"change":[83],"from":[87],"phase":[88],"contrast":[89],"images.":[90],"First,":[91],"We":[92],"tested":[93],"performance":[95],"HOG":[97],"(Histogram":[98],"oriented":[100],"gradients)+":[101],"SVM(Support":[102],"vector":[103],"machine),":[104],"Faster":[105],"RCNN":[106],"(Region-based":[107],"Convolutional":[108],"Neural":[109],"Network)":[110],"YOLO":[112,131],"[1]":[113],"calculate":[118],"for":[122,162,178],"uninfected":[125],"cells.":[126,166],"results":[128],"show":[129],"that":[130,151],"performs":[132],"better":[133],"detecting":[135],"calculating":[138],"limited":[143],"dataset":[144],"using":[145],"transfer":[146],"learning.":[147],"Further,":[148],"validate":[150],"shows":[155],"significant":[157],"difference":[158],"non-infected":[165],"YOLO-based":[168],"learning":[171],"has":[172],"potential":[174],"be":[176],"used":[177],"classification":[180],"without":[184],"interest.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-13T08:25:38.343686","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
