{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405489560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10781983","title":"Respiratory System Monitoring Based on Low-frequency Transmission Ultrasound Using Wearable Transducers","display_name":"Respiratory System Monitoring Based on Low-frequency Transmission Ultrasound Using Wearable Transducers","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405489560","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10781983","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40040037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc53108.2024.10781983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10781983","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100378820","display_name":"Tong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2477-7140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Department of Electronic Engineering,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Department of Electronic Engineering,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101308781","display_name":"Haokang Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6362-3683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haokang Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Department of Electronic Engineering,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Department of Electronic Engineering,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089388395","display_name":"Rui Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5294-923X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Department of Electronic Engineering,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Department of Electronic Engineering,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003510248","display_name":"Maokun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7258-6413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maokun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Department of Electronic Engineering,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Department of Electronic Engineering,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101633136","display_name":"Fan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1456-773X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Department of Electronic Engineering,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Department of Electronic Engineering,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022666762","display_name":"Shenheng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0105-8194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shenheng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Department of Electronic Engineering,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Department of Electronic Engineering,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100378820"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25400071,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2024","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12537","display_name":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12537","display_name":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11738","display_name":"Ultrasound in Clinical Applications","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.7231734991073608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transducer","display_name":"Transducer","score":0.6887741088867188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5716617703437805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-monitoring","display_name":"Respiratory monitoring","score":0.4842378795146942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.476712167263031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.44621261954307556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound","display_name":"Ultrasound","score":0.44473880529403687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3563559055328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-system","display_name":"Respiratory system","score":0.3337656855583191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24852585792541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.22639039158821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20696836709976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.17194196581840515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13626521825790405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.7231734991073608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56318395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215928","display_name":"Transducer","level":2,"score":0.6887741088867188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5716617703437805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779358675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766250","display_name":"Respiratory monitoring","level":3,"score":0.4842378795146942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.476712167263031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.44621261954307556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.44473880529403687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3563559055328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.3337656855583191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24852585792541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.22639039158821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20696836709976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17194196581840515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13626521825790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008991","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Physiologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008991","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Physiologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008991","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Physiologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008991","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Physiologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008991","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Physiologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008991","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Physiologic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012119","descriptor_name":"Respiration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012137","descriptor_name":"Respiratory System","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012137","descriptor_name":"Respiratory System","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012137","descriptor_name":"Respiratory System","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013909","descriptor_name":"Thorax","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013909","descriptor_name":"Thorax","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013909","descriptor_name":"Thorax","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014159","descriptor_name":"Transducers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014159","descriptor_name":"Transducers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014159","descriptor_name":"Transducers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc53108.2024.10781983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10781983","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:40040037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40040037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1561075814","https://openalex.org/W2033912576","https://openalex.org/W2043527572","https://openalex.org/W2049824298","https://openalex.org/W2057879266","https://openalex.org/W2068039633","https://openalex.org/W2319535636","https://openalex.org/W2605668928","https://openalex.org/W2899360556","https://openalex.org/W3087784362","https://openalex.org/W4283793897","https://openalex.org/W4310584729"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2831696504","https://openalex.org/W2344637171","https://openalex.org/W2269543683","https://openalex.org/W2789695786","https://openalex.org/W2142799187","https://openalex.org/W2381589928","https://openalex.org/W2118324905","https://openalex.org/W2418215596","https://openalex.org/W2400559907","https://openalex.org/W2318552585"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ultrasound's":[0],"application":[1],"in":[2,45,128,139,175],"respiratory":[3,74,182],"system":[4,183],"monitoring":[5],"has":[6],"been":[7],"constrained":[8],"by":[9,76,149],"factors":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12,146],"reflections":[13],"at":[14,98],"the":[15,21,37,72,105,110,119,144,154],"lung-pleural":[16],"interface":[17],"and":[18,107,178],"scattering":[19],"within":[20,143],"lungs.":[22],"Recent":[23],"studies":[24],"have":[25],"shown":[26],"that":[27,103,116,126,168],"ultrasound":[28,90,171],"from":[29],"10":[30],"kHz":[31,34],"to":[32,51,65,133],"750":[33],"can":[35,172],"penetrate":[36],"human":[38],"thorax":[39,91,134,145,176],"during":[40,48],"expiration.":[41],"However,":[42],"challenges":[43],"persist":[44],"signal":[46,53,69,112],"reception":[47,70],"inspiration":[49],"due":[50,132],"low":[52],"amplitude.":[54],"In":[55],"this":[56,83],"study,":[57],"we":[58],"introduce":[59],"a":[60,88,159],"waveform":[61,78],"matching":[62],"method":[63],"designed":[64],"ensure":[66],"reliable":[67],"transmission":[68,92,170],"throughout":[71],"entire":[73],"cycle":[75],"tracking":[77],"variations.":[79],"The":[80,164],"feasibility":[81],"of":[82,109],"approach":[84],"is":[85],"demonstrated":[86],"through":[87],"low-frequency":[89,169],"experiment":[93,165],"using":[94],"wearable":[95],"transducers":[96],"operating":[97],"60":[99],"kHz.":[100],"We":[101],"observe":[102],"both":[104],"traveltime":[106,129],"energy":[108,155],"first-arrival":[111],"undergo":[113],"significant":[114],"changes":[115,138],"correlate":[117],"with":[118],"breathing":[120],"cycle.":[121],"Furthermore,":[122],"our":[123],"findings":[124],"indicate":[125],"variations":[127,174],"are":[130],"predominantly":[131],"deformation,":[135],"rather":[136],"than":[137],"acoustic":[140],"velocity":[141],"distribution":[142],"previously":[147],"suggested":[148],"ex":[150],"vivo":[151],"studies.":[152],"Besides,":[153],"variation":[156],"curve":[157],"features":[158],"heart":[160],"rate":[161],"frequency":[162],"component.":[163],"result":[166],"affirms":[167],"detect":[173],"state":[177],"holds":[179],"promise":[180],"for":[181],"monitoring.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}