{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405489463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10781655","title":"Evaluating Smoothness of Force for Surgical Skill Assessment","display_name":"Evaluating Smoothness of Force for Surgical Skill Assessment","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405489463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10781655","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40039007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc53108.2024.10781655","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10781655","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103170366","display_name":"Simar P. Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8755-6866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simar P. Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clemson University,Department of Bioengineering,Clemson,SC,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clemson University,Department of Bioengineering,Clemson,SC,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073670866","display_name":"Amir Mehdi Shayan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8578-0266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Mehdi Shayan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clemson University,Department of Bioengineering,Clemson,SC,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clemson University,Department of Bioengineering,Clemson,SC,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101653903","display_name":"Jianxin Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianxin Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clemson University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Clemson,SC,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clemson University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Clemson,SC,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115513454","display_name":"Joe Biblev","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joe Biblev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clemson University,Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences,Clemson,SC,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clemson University,Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences,Clemson,SC,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046707769","display_name":"Richard E. Groff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-821X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard E. Groff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clemson University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Clemson,SC,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clemson University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Clemson,SC,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026719183","display_name":"Ravikiran B. Singapogu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9056-8465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravikiran Singapogu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clemson University,Department of Bioengineering,Clemson,SC,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clemson University,Department of Bioengineering,Clemson,SC,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9608,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78693942,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2024","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11930","display_name":"Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11984","display_name":"Anatomy and Medical Technology","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothness","display_name":"Smoothness","score":0.6641523838043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5440974831581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16543421149253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.06893345713615417}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102634674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868473","display_name":"Smoothness","level":2,"score":0.6641523838043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5440974831581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16543421149253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.06893345713615417}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002983","descriptor_name":"Clinical Competence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002983","descriptor_name":"Clinical Competence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002983","descriptor_name":"Clinical Competence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013536","descriptor_name":"Suture Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013536","descriptor_name":"Suture Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013536","descriptor_name":"Suture Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc53108.2024.10781655","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10781655","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:40039007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40039007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995258416","https://openalex.org/W2023276160","https://openalex.org/W2109498513","https://openalex.org/W2160347493","https://openalex.org/W2191886813","https://openalex.org/W2589504745","https://openalex.org/W2972956132","https://openalex.org/W3034516337","https://openalex.org/W3068207645","https://openalex.org/W3120661687","https://openalex.org/W3156108667","https://openalex.org/W4293537858","https://openalex.org/W4385950025"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2393022482","https://openalex.org/W2377346130","https://openalex.org/W2361092061","https://openalex.org/W2319775965","https://openalex.org/W2357314690","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,168],"efficient":[1],"execution":[2],"of":[3,46,57,67,80,84,89,109,123,142,150,182,197,200],"surgical":[4,23,48,165,191],"operations":[5],"plays":[6],"a":[7,47,54,86],"crucial":[8],"role":[9],"in":[10,91,164,172,184],"optimizing":[11],"patient":[12],"outcomes,":[13],"evidencing":[14],"the":[15,65,68,81,121,128,140,178,201],"need":[16],"for":[17,29,40,131,157,187],"effective":[18],"training":[19,26],"methods":[20],"to":[21,176],"improve":[22],"skills.":[24],"Medical":[25],"simulators,":[27],"praised":[28],"objective,":[30],"automated":[31],"skill":[32,135,162],"assessment,":[33],"require":[34],"instrumented":[35],"sensors":[36],"and":[37,72,160],"relevant":[38],"metrics":[39,51,98,125,146,170],"targeted":[41],"feedback":[42],"on":[43,105,113],"important":[44],"aspects":[45],"procedure.":[49],"Traditional":[50],"that":[52,75],"capture":[53],"single":[55],"instance":[56],"force,":[58,85],"such":[59],"as":[60,147],"peak":[61],"or":[62],"range,":[63],"lack":[64],"characterization":[66],"entire":[69],"force":[70,97,145,169],"profile":[71],"lose":[73],"subtleties":[74],"may":[76],"limit":[77],"accurate":[78,159],"evaluation":[79,196],"skilled":[82],"application":[83],"valuable":[87,155],"aspect":[88,199],"assessment":[90,163,183],"surgery.":[92],"This":[93],"study":[94,174],"introduces":[95],"novel":[96],"inspired":[99],"by":[100,126],"motion":[101],"smoothness-based":[102],"measures,":[103],"analyzed":[104],"an":[106,114,194],"extensive":[107],"dataset":[108],"97":[110],"subjects":[111,132],"suturing":[112,117,151,202],"open":[115],"vascular":[116],"simulator.":[118],"We":[119],"validated":[120],"effectiveness":[122],"these":[124,143],"comparing":[127],"metric":[129],"scores":[130],"with":[133,193],"different":[134],"levels.":[136],"Our":[137],"findings":[138],"highlight":[139],"value":[141],"advanced":[144],"robust":[148],"indicators":[149],"performance,":[152],"demonstrating":[153],"their":[154],"potential":[156],"more":[158],"objective":[161],"training.Clinical":[166],"Relevance--":[167],"presented":[171],"this":[173,198],"seek":[175],"quantify":[177],"widely":[179],"used":[180],"category":[181],"surgery,":[185],"\"respect":[186],"tissue\",":[188],"potentially":[189],"benefiting":[190],"education":[192],"improved":[195],"skill.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}