{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4295458693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871969","title":"Improving Deep Learning-based Cardiac Abnormality Detection in 12-Lead ECG with Data Augmentation","display_name":"Improving Deep Learning-based Cardiac Abnormality Detection in 12-Lead ECG with Data Augmentation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4295458693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871969","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36086450"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607706","display_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062771234","display_name":"Jingna Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0747-9670"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jingna Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg,Department of Artifical Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering,Erlangen,91054"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg,Department of Artifical Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering,Erlangen,91054","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033611504","display_name":"Maximilian P. Oppelt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124274","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits","ror":"https://ror.org/024ape423","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124274","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maximilian P Oppelt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits,Erlangen,Germany,91058"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits,Erlangen,Germany,91058","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006994900","display_name":"Michael D. Nissen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1686-3313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Nissen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg,Department of Artifical Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering,Erlangen,Germany,91054"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg,Department of Artifical Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering,Erlangen,Germany,91054","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112384618","display_name":"Lars Anneken","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars Anneken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg,Department of Artifical Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering,Erlangen,91054"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg,Department of Artifical Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering,Erlangen,91054","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025681380","display_name":"Katharina Breininger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7600-5869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katharina Breininger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg,Department of Artifical Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering,Erlangen,Germany,91054"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg,Department of Artifical Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering,Erlangen,Germany,91054","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014144494","display_name":"Bjoern M. Eskofier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0417-0336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bjoern Eskofier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Niirnberg,Erlangen,Germany,91054"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Niirnberg,Erlangen,Germany,91054","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062771234"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8868,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67567568,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"945","last_page":"949"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7016987204551697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6583462953567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead","display_name":"Lead (geology)","score":0.6218663454055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6140812635421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5909260511398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5221536159515381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4973178207874298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abnormality","display_name":"Abnormality","score":0.48603469133377075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4851449429988861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrocardiography","display_name":"Electrocardiography","score":0.47865188121795654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.4513853192329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36375749111175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.15101271867752075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology","display_name":"Cardiology","score":0.1315743327140808}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7016987204551697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6583462953567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508345","display_name":"Lead (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6218663454055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6140812635421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5909260511398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5221536159515381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4973178207874298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50965678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2724302","display_name":"Abnormality","level":2,"score":0.48603469133377075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4851449429988861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780040984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79785","display_name":"Electrocardiography","level":2,"score":0.47865188121795654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.4513853192329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36375749111175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.15101271867752075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.1315743327140808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012372","descriptor_name":"ROC Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012372","descriptor_name":"ROC Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012372","descriptor_name":"ROC Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607706","display_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:36086450","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36086450","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/445585","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/445585","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1993269018","https://openalex.org/W1998820176","https://openalex.org/W2035140091","https://openalex.org/W2049508112","https://openalex.org/W2087349611","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2251133041","https://openalex.org/W2755231251","https://openalex.org/W2768866949","https://openalex.org/W2888456553","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W3027572331","https://openalex.org/W3040854424","https://openalex.org/W3084949122","https://openalex.org/W3118439357","https://openalex.org/W3118527708","https://openalex.org/W3119202609","https://openalex.org/W3119974151","https://openalex.org/W3138270768","https://openalex.org/W4321429465","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6780576590","https://openalex.org/W6792495687"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380075502","https://openalex.org/W4223943233","https://openalex.org/W4312200629","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W2345184372","https://openalex.org/W4380086463","https://openalex.org/W3013515612","https://openalex.org/W4225161397","https://openalex.org/W2136184105"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automated":[0],"Electrocardiogram":[1],"(ECG)":[2],"classification":[3],"using":[4],"deep":[5,129],"neural":[6],"networks":[7],"requires":[8],"large":[9],"datasets":[10,31],"annotated":[11],"by":[12,64,114],"medical":[13],"professionals,":[14],"which":[15],"is":[16],"time-consuming":[17],"and":[18,44,57,93,118],"expensive.":[19],"This":[20],"work":[21],"examines":[22],"ECG":[23,63,133],"augmentation":[24,126,139],"as":[25],"a":[26,50,66],"method":[27],"for":[28],"enriching":[29],"existing":[30],"at":[32],"low":[33],"cost.":[34],"First,":[35],"we":[36],"introduce":[37],"three":[38,146],"novel":[39],"augmentations:":[40],"Limb":[41],"Electrode":[42,46],"Move":[43,47],"Chest":[45],"both":[48],"simulate":[49],"minor":[51],"electrode":[52],"mislocation":[53],"during":[54],"signal":[55,80],"measurement,":[56],"Heart":[58],"Vector":[59],"Transform":[60],"generates":[61],"an":[62],"modeling":[65],"rotated":[67],"main":[68],"heart":[69],"axis.":[70],"These":[71],"techniques":[72],"are":[73],"then":[74],"combined":[75],"with":[76],"nine":[77],"time":[78],"series":[79],"augmentations":[81],"from":[82],"literature.":[83],"Evaluation":[84],"was":[85,112],"performed":[86],"on":[87],"ICBEB,":[88],"PTB-XL":[89,91,94],"Diagnostic,":[90],"Rhythm,":[92],"Form":[95],"datasets.":[96],"Compared":[97],"to":[98],"models":[99],"trained":[100],"without":[101],"data":[102,125],"augmentation,":[103],"area":[104],"under":[105],"the":[106,137,142,145],"receiver":[107],"operating":[108],"characteristic":[109],"curve":[110],"(AUC)":[111],"increased":[113],"3.5%,":[115,119],"1.7%,":[116],"1.4%":[117],"respectively.":[120],"Our":[121],"experiments":[122],"demonstrated":[123],"that":[124],"can":[127],"improve":[128],"learning":[130],"performance":[131],"in":[132],"classification.":[134],"Analyses":[135],"of":[136,144],"individual":[138],"effects":[140],"established":[141],"efficacy":[143],"proposed":[147],"augmentations.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}