{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294975159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871841","title":"Selectivity of upper limb posterior root muscle reflexes via cervicothoracic spinal cord stimulation","display_name":"Selectivity of upper limb posterior root muscle reflexes via cervicothoracic spinal cord stimulation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294975159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871841","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36085735"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871841","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871841","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/9870821/9870822/09871841.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607706","display_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/9870821/9870822/09871841.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103247875","display_name":"Neil Fleming","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1288-5363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204442077","display_name":"Trinity College","ror":"https://ror.org/019dhar59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204442077"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["CA","IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Fleming","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin,Discipline of Anatomy","Discipline of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin,Discipline of Anatomy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204442077"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Discipline of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102797441","display_name":"Clare Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6765-1789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204442077","display_name":"Trinity College","ror":"https://ror.org/019dhar59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204442077"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["CA","IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin,Discipline of Anatomy","Discipline of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin,Discipline of Anatomy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204442077"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Discipline of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004102993","display_name":"Mark S. Etzelmueller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3379-4025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Etzelmueller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008915761","display_name":"Conor Gill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6644-3320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Gill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043616978","display_name":"Clodagh O\u2019Keeffe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4611-4188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. O'Keeffe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110081734","display_name":"Nicholas Mahony","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204442077","display_name":"Trinity College","ror":"https://ror.org/019dhar59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204442077"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["CA","IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Mahony","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin,Discipline of Anatomy","Discipline of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin,Discipline of Anatomy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204442077"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Discipline of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003398407","display_name":"Richard B. Reilly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8578-1245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.B. Reilly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15602837,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"582","issue":null,"first_page":"3077","last_page":"3080"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10925","display_name":"Spinal Cord Injury Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10925","display_name":"Spinal Cord Injury Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12459","display_name":"Nerve Injury and Rehabilitation","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-cord","display_name":"Spinal cord","score":0.5427780747413635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflex","display_name":"Reflex","score":0.4998481273651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.4886961281299591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.4680369198322296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulus","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","score":0.4512525796890259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-limb","display_name":"Upper limb","score":0.4102790355682373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.37473392486572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35377413034439087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.29955342411994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2205948829650879}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780775167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9606","display_name":"Spinal cord","level":2,"score":0.5427780747413635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83974742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179405","display_name":"Reflex","level":2,"score":0.4998481273651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.4886961281299591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4680369198322296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4512525796890259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776660947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841423","display_name":"Upper limb","level":2,"score":0.4102790355682373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.37473392486572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35377413034439087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.29955342411994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2205948829650879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009132","descriptor_name":"Muscles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009132","descriptor_name":"Muscles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009132","descriptor_name":"Muscles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012018","descriptor_name":"Reflex","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012018","descriptor_name":"Reflex","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012018","descriptor_name":"Reflex","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012026","descriptor_name":"Reflex, Stretch","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012026","descriptor_name":"Reflex, Stretch","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012026","descriptor_name":"Reflex, Stretch","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034941","descriptor_name":"Upper Extremity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034941","descriptor_name":"Upper Extremity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034941","descriptor_name":"Upper Extremity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062187","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062187","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062187","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871841","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871841","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/9870821/9870822/09871841.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607706","display_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:36085735","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36085735","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871841","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871841","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/9870821/9870822/09871841.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607706","display_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294975159.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294975159.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1957181315","https://openalex.org/W2122381377","https://openalex.org/W2163276855","https://openalex.org/W2257062313","https://openalex.org/W2277182850","https://openalex.org/W2797005743","https://openalex.org/W2896759242","https://openalex.org/W2898125561","https://openalex.org/W2977214022","https://openalex.org/W2995831758","https://openalex.org/W3032742201","https://openalex.org/W3117071774","https://openalex.org/W3119002792","https://openalex.org/W3170175541","https://openalex.org/W3214732982"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350233123","https://openalex.org/W2055241807","https://openalex.org/W2001086120","https://openalex.org/W2417990286","https://openalex.org/W2886641791","https://openalex.org/W2043188193","https://openalex.org/W2089916170","https://openalex.org/W1975077850","https://openalex.org/W2418587965","https://openalex.org/W2002977401"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"studies":[1],"have":[2],"reported":[3],"that":[4,254],"transcutaneous":[5],"spinal":[6,171],"stimulation":[7],"(tSCS)":[8],"may":[9,262],"facilitate":[10],"improved":[11],"upper":[12,29,43,164],"limb":[13,30,44,165],"motor":[14,31,45,259],"function":[15],"in":[16,102,136,175,199,231],"those":[17],"with":[18,59,110,183,227],"incomplete":[19],"tetraplesia.":[20],"However,":[21],"little":[22],"is":[23],"known":[24],"about":[25],"how":[26],"tSCS":[27],"engages":[28],"pools.":[32],"This":[33],"study":[34],"aimed":[35],"to":[36,40,96,142],"explore":[37],"the":[38,82,143],"extent":[39],"which":[41,68],"discrete":[42],"pools":[46],"can":[47],"be":[48,263],"selectively":[49],"engaged":[50],"via":[51,75,265],"altering":[52,266],"stimulus":[53,267],"location":[54,270],"and":[55,127,153,212,243,269],"intensity.":[56],"14":[57],"participants":[58],"intact":[60],"nervous":[61],"systems":[62],"completed":[63],"two":[64,124],"test":[65],"visits,":[66],"during":[67,271],"posterior":[69],"root-muscle":[70],"reflexes":[71],"(PRMR)":[72],"were":[73,115,160],"evoked":[74],"a":[76,119,137],"3x3":[77],"cathode":[78,191,229],"matrix":[79],"applied":[80],"over":[81],"cervicothoracic":[83,272],"spine.":[84],"An":[85],"incremental":[86],"recruitment":[87],"curve":[88],"at":[89,118,123],"C7":[90],"vertebral":[91],"level":[92,172,256],"was":[93,173,223],"initially":[94],"performed":[95],"attain":[97],"minimal":[98],"threshold":[99],"intensity":[100,268],"(MTI)":[101],"each":[103],"muscle.":[104],"Paired":[105],"pulses":[106],"(1ms":[107],"square":[108],"monophasic":[109],"inter-pulse":[111],"interval":[112],"of":[113,121,170,257],"50ms)":[114],"subsequently":[116],"delivered":[117],"frequency":[120],"0.25Hz":[122],"intensities":[125],"(MTI":[126],"<tex":[128,202,209,216,234,240,247],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[129,146,150,156,181,197,203,210,217,235,241,248],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\text{MTI}+20\\%$</tex>":[130],")":[131,152],"across":[132],"all":[133,176],"nine":[134],"locations.":[135],"random":[138],"order.":[139],"Evoked":[140],"response":[141],"1":[144],"<sup":[145,155],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">st</sup>":[147],"(PRMR":[148],"<inf":[149,180,196],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1</inf>":[151,182,198],"2":[154],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">nd</sup>":[157],"(PRMR2)":[158],"stimuli":[159],"recorded":[161,186],"from":[162],"four":[163],"muscles.":[166],"A":[167],"significant":[168],"effect":[169],"observed":[174],"muscles":[177],"for":[178],"PRMR":[179,195],"greater":[184],"responses":[185],"more":[187],"caudally.":[188],"Unexpectedly,":[189],"contralateral":[190,228],"placement":[192,230],"significantly":[193,225],"increased":[194,226],"Biceps":[200,232],"Brachii":[201,233,239],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$(\\mathrm{P}=0.012)$</tex>":[204,242],",":[205,237],"Flexor":[206,244],"Carpi":[207,245],"Radialis":[208,246],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$(\\mathrm{P}=0.035)$</tex>":[211],"Abductor":[213],"Pollicis":[214],"Brevis":[215],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$(\\mathrm{P}=0.001)$</tex>":[218,236,249],".":[219,250],"Post-activation":[220],"depression":[221],"(PAD)":[222],"also":[224],"Triceps":[238],"These":[251],"results":[252],"suggest":[253],"some":[255],"unilateral":[258],"pool":[260],"selectivity":[261],"attained":[264],"tSCS.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
