{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294975216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871830","title":"Mechanical Testing of Artificial Vessels and Tissues for Photoplethysmography Phantoms","display_name":"Mechanical Testing of Artificial Vessels and Tissues for Photoplethysmography Phantoms","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294975216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871830","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36086013"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607706","display_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054170867","display_name":"James M. May","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8659-756X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J.M. May","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of London,Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, City,London,UK","Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, City, University of London, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of London,Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, City,London,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, City, University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057060852","display_name":"Michelle Nomoni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Nomoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of London,Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, City,London,UK","Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, City, University of London, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of London,Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, City,London,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, City, University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035037482","display_name":"Karthik Budidha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6329-8399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Budidha","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of London,Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, City,London,UK","Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, City, University of London, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of London,Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, City,London,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, City, University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058230540","display_name":"Changmok Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9774-6156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology,Suwon,Republic of Korea","Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology,Suwon,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056637200","display_name":"P. A. Kyriacou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2868-485X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. A. Kyriacou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of London,Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, City,London,UK","Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, City, University of London, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of London,Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, City,London,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, City, University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054170867"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3206,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45368135,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"629","last_page":"632"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11700","display_name":"Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replicate","display_name":"Replicate","score":0.8184344172477722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elasticity","display_name":"Elasticity (physics)","score":0.7895034551620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.6210716962814331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polydimethylsiloxane","display_name":"Polydimethylsiloxane","score":0.61209636926651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoplethysmogram","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","score":0.5759583711624146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5415437817573547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressibility","display_name":"Compressibility","score":0.4634198248386383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3997805118560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.3243996500968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.3194940686225891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12081298232078552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.11848872900009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08950874209403992}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781162219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26250693","display_name":"Replicate","level":2,"score":0.8184344172477722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121854251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62932","display_name":"Elasticity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7895034551620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.6210716962814331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779849746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411955","display_name":"Polydimethylsiloxane","level":2,"score":0.61209636926651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187885","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","level":3,"score":0.5759583711624146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5415437817573547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84655787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8067817","display_name":"Compressibility","level":2,"score":0.4634198248386383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3997805118560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3243996500968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.3194940686225891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12081298232078552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.11848872900009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08950874209403992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000083522","descriptor_name":"Mechanical Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000083522","descriptor_name":"Mechanical Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000083522","descriptor_name":"Mechanical Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004548","descriptor_name":"Elasticity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004548","descriptor_name":"Elasticity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004548","descriptor_name":"Elasticity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607706","display_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:36086013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36086013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.city.ac.uk:32084","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/view/creators_id/james=2Emay=2E1.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401940","display_name":"City Research Online (City University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","host_organization_name":"City, University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315121","display_name":"Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988681682","https://openalex.org/W2046012313","https://openalex.org/W2062496673","https://openalex.org/W2063461906","https://openalex.org/W2066519132","https://openalex.org/W2071193209","https://openalex.org/W2071224021","https://openalex.org/W2140004486","https://openalex.org/W2442505389","https://openalex.org/W2516420972","https://openalex.org/W2537594660","https://openalex.org/W2539148632","https://openalex.org/W2605116793","https://openalex.org/W2606938057","https://openalex.org/W2755772880","https://openalex.org/W2914695435","https://openalex.org/W2951259175","https://openalex.org/W2974290661","https://openalex.org/W3046208199","https://openalex.org/W4200604541"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4254851101","https://openalex.org/W3171007296","https://openalex.org/W22115721","https://openalex.org/W2732360296","https://openalex.org/W1994871954","https://openalex.org/W4297152434","https://openalex.org/W2072858761","https://openalex.org/W1540261775","https://openalex.org/W4200107443","https://openalex.org/W4239033438"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Various":[0],"studies":[1,58],"have":[2,59],"looked":[3],"at":[4,179],"the":[5,14,25,33,63,83,108,113,130,133,168,191,197,212,267,273,286],"efficiency":[6],"of":[7,16,27,85,186,221,252,278],"artificial":[8,192],"vessel":[9,48,50,68,86,105,150,169],"and":[10,53,70,88,104,107,146,152,230,244,276,280],"tissue":[11,71,79,89,103],"networks":[12],"in":[13,19,32,190,247,269],"study":[15,74,275],"photoplethysmography":[17,256],"(PPG)":[18,257],"an":[20,123],"effort":[21],"to":[22,42,61,148,162,174,196,209,236,265,281],"better":[23],"understand":[24],"origin":[26],"various":[28],"morphological":[29],"features":[30,45],"present":[31],"signal.":[34],"Whilst":[35],"there":[36],"are":[37,228,241],"all":[38,180],"reasonable":[39,181],"attempts":[40],"made":[41],"replicate":[43,62,163,211,266],"geometrical":[44],"such":[46,66,253],"as":[47,67,97,258],"depth,":[49],"wall":[51],"thickness":[52],"diameter":[54,151],"etc.,":[55],"not":[56],"many":[57],"attempted":[60],"mechanical":[64,80,214],"properties":[65,109,119,158,171],"elasticity":[69,87,139,170],"compressibility.":[72,90],"This":[73],"reports":[75],"two":[76],"methods":[77,205],"for":[78,82,101,289],"testing":[81,127,136],"analysis":[84],"A":[91],"two-part":[92],"polydimethylsiloxane":[93],"(PDMS)":[94],"was":[95,140,188],"used":[96,231],"a":[98,143,270],"base":[99],"material":[100,201],"both":[102],"construction,":[106],"altered":[110],"by":[111,233],"changing":[112],"curing":[114],"component":[115],"ratio.":[116],"Tissue":[117,156],"compression":[118],"were":[120,172],"investigated":[121,141],"using":[122,129,142],"industrially":[124],"calibrated":[125],"materials":[126],"device":[128],"protocol":[131],"from":[132],"ASTM":[134],"0575-91":[135],"method.":[137],"Vessel":[138],"custom":[144],"method":[145],"apparatus":[147],"report":[149],"length":[153],"change":[154],"simultaneously.":[155],"compressive":[157],"proved":[159],"reasonably":[160],"easy":[161],"through":[164],"catalyst":[165,182],"alteration,":[166],"however":[167],"found":[173],"be":[175,207],"higher":[176],"than":[177],"expected":[178,213],"ratios.":[183],"The":[184,218,250],"property":[185],"hyper-elasticity":[187],"observed":[189],"vessels":[193],"though,":[194],"leading":[195],"conclusion":[198],"that":[199,227],"alternative":[200],"recipes":[202],"or":[203],"construction":[204],"may":[206],"needed":[208],"correctly":[210],"characteristics.":[215],"Clinical":[216],"Relevance-":[217],"latest":[219],"generation":[220],"health":[222,239],"monitoring":[223,261],"devices,":[224,279],"especially":[225],"those":[226],"wearable":[229],"widely":[232],"individuals":[234],"wishing":[235],"monitor":[237],"their":[238,248,259,283],"daily":[240],"becoming":[242],"smarter":[243],"more":[245],"sophisticated":[246],"functionality.":[249],"majority":[251],"devices":[254],"use":[255],"primary":[260],"technique.":[262],"Being":[263],"able":[264],"PPG":[268],"phantom":[271],"allows":[272],"continued":[274,287],"development":[277],"improve":[282],"functionality":[284],"without":[285],"need":[288],"extensive":[290],"user-testing.":[291]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
