{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294975726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871738","title":"Split Frequency and Load-Shift Keying Based Bi-directional Data Transfer Technique in Wireless Implantable Medical Devices","display_name":"Split Frequency and Load-Shift Keying Based Bi-directional Data Transfer Technique in Wireless Implantable Medical Devices","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294975726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871738","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36085856"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871738","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607706","display_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054501788","display_name":"Sayan Sarkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6074-0057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sayan Sarkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering of Hong Kong,Hong Kong SAR,China","Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering of Hong Kong, University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering of Hong Kong,Hong Kong SAR,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering of Hong Kong, University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103135282","display_name":"Yuan Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4853-7785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering of Hong Kong,Hong Kong SAR,China","Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering of Hong Kong, University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering of Hong Kong,Hong Kong SAR,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering of Hong Kong, University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038708983","display_name":"Wing\u2010Hung Ki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7873-5643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wing-Hung Ki","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering of Hong Kong,Hong Kong SAR,China","Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering of Hong Kong, University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering of Hong Kong,Hong Kong SAR,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering of Hong Kong, University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054501788"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9657,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69241854,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2022","issue":null,"first_page":"2464","last_page":"2470"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-shift-keying","display_name":"Frequency-shift keying","score":0.6246484518051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-transmission","display_name":"Data transmission","score":0.5751935243606567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-power-transfer","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","score":0.5449324250221252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-power-transfer-theorem","display_name":"Maximum power transfer theorem","score":0.5293828845024109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5252339839935303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47579964995384216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-coil","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","score":0.43504929542541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.427522748708725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.42395728826522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.40544989705085754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.33457884192466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2811027467250824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20488354563713074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19906899333000183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.17104968428611755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.11174985766410828}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163996819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166054","display_name":"Frequency-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.6246484518051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.5751935243606567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779423816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6856398","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","level":3,"score":0.5449324250221252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17103352","display_name":"Maximum power transfer theorem","level":3,"score":0.5293828845024109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5252339839935303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47579964995384216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.43504929542541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.427522748708725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.42395728826522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.40544989705085754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33457884192466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2811027467250824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20488354563713074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19906899333000183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.17104968428611755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.11174985766410828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011108","descriptor_name":"Polymers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011108","descriptor_name":"Polymers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011108","descriptor_name":"Polymers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011211","descriptor_name":"Electric Power Supplies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011211","descriptor_name":"Electric Power Supplies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011211","descriptor_name":"Electric Power Supplies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019736","descriptor_name":"Prostheses and Implants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019736","descriptor_name":"Prostheses and Implants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019736","descriptor_name":"Prostheses and Implants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871738","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607706","display_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:36085856","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36085856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-119539","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://lbdiscover.ust.hk/uresolver?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rfr_id=info:sid/HKUST:SPI&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.date=2022&rft.spage=&rft.aulast=Sarkar&rft.aufirst=Sayan&rft.atitle=Split+Frequency+and+Load-Shift+Keying+Based+Bi-directional+Data+Transfer+Technique+in+Wireless+Implantable+Medical+Devices&rft.title=","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964259152","https://openalex.org/W2032313521","https://openalex.org/W2042830596","https://openalex.org/W2095812537","https://openalex.org/W2129900213","https://openalex.org/W2281194363","https://openalex.org/W2483506794","https://openalex.org/W2519020304","https://openalex.org/W2748824531","https://openalex.org/W2768531449","https://openalex.org/W2810804929","https://openalex.org/W2811118606","https://openalex.org/W2883428425","https://openalex.org/W2909971061","https://openalex.org/W2911859125","https://openalex.org/W2917314276","https://openalex.org/W3082603186","https://openalex.org/W3104341703","https://openalex.org/W3114517464","https://openalex.org/W3115336827","https://openalex.org/W3134805939","https://openalex.org/W3135602832","https://openalex.org/W3213096782","https://openalex.org/W4200186958","https://openalex.org/W4226437162","https://openalex.org/W4312648212","https://openalex.org/W6695558014","https://openalex.org/W6848007612"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205317126","https://openalex.org/W2236924022","https://openalex.org/W2763444231","https://openalex.org/W2740114034","https://openalex.org/W2766259844","https://openalex.org/W2776674530","https://openalex.org/W2944239825","https://openalex.org/W4327640760","https://openalex.org/W3009881542","https://openalex.org/W2996994402"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,90,125,153,196],"'power":[1],"frequency":[2],"splitting'":[3],"phenomenon":[4],"is":[5],"widely":[6],"observed":[7],"over":[8,100],"critical":[9],"coupling":[10],"conditions":[11],"in":[12,21,35,60,84,132],"the":[13,22,29,36,46,52,61,139,162,165,182,191,202,207],"wireless":[14,62,91,134],"power":[15,26,38,92,135,144],"transfer":[16,39,112,122,151,170],"system.":[17,64],"Frequency":[18,105],"splitting":[19,167],"occurs":[20],"voltage":[23],"gain":[24],"and":[25,57,76,93,114,149,159,186,210],"delivered":[27],"to":[28,50],"load":[30],"(PDL)":[31],"curve":[32],"but":[33],"not":[34,200],"end-to-end":[37],"efficiency":[40,160],"curve.":[41],"This":[42],"brief":[43],"has":[44],"considered":[45],"mutual":[47],"inductance":[48],"model":[49],"analyze":[51],"relationship":[53],"between":[54,155],"characteristic":[55],"frequencies":[56],"circuit":[58],"parameters":[59],"series-parallel":[63],"Here":[65],"authors":[66],"have":[67],"proposed":[68],"a":[69,85,101,173],"novel":[70],"co-simulation":[71],"platform":[72],"using":[73,104,194],"ANSYS":[74],"MAXWELL":[75],"SIMPLORER":[77],"for":[78,142],"dynamic":[79],"modeling":[80],"of":[81,164,206],"frequency-dependent":[82],"resistance":[83],"flexible":[86],"polymer":[87],"coil":[88,179,184],"setup.":[89],"bidirectional":[94],"data":[95,111,121,147,169,189],"transmission":[96,136],"protocol":[97],"were":[98],"developed":[99],"single":[102],"link":[103,156,213],"shift":[106,116],"keying":[107,117],"(FSK)":[108],"based":[109,119,168],"forward":[110],"(downlink)":[113],"Load":[115],"(LSK)":[118],"backward":[120],"(uplink)":[123],"technique.":[124],"split":[126,203],"frequency-based":[127],"FSK":[128],"modulation":[129],"scheme":[130],"helps":[131],"continuous":[133],"without":[137],"disrupting":[138],"carrier":[140],"amplitude":[141],"large":[143],"delivery,":[145],"high":[146],"rate,":[148],"high-power":[150],"efficiency.":[152],"trade-off":[154],"gain,":[157],"bandwidth,":[158],"limits":[161],"application":[163],"'frequency":[166],"technique'":[171],"after":[172],"certain":[174],"distance.":[175],"A":[176],"detection":[177],"(tertiary)":[178],"co-planar":[180],"with":[181],"transmitter":[183],"receives":[185],"decodes":[187],"backscattered":[188],"from":[190],"receiver":[192],"side":[193],"LSK.":[195],"three-coil":[197],"architecture":[198],"does":[199],"affect":[201],"point":[204],"locations":[205],"two-coil":[208],"system":[209],"slightly":[211],"reduces":[212],"gain.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}