{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294975569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871517","title":"Learning to Segment Fine Structures Under Image-Level Supervision With an Application to Nematode Segmentation","display_name":"Learning to Segment Fine Structures Under Image-Level Supervision With an Application to Nematode Segmentation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294975569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871517","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36086161"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871517","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871517","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607706","display_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100336427","display_name":"Long Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-5446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Long Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University,Aachen,Germany","Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University,Aachen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027603226","display_name":"Martin Strauch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6754-211X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Strauch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University,Aachen,Germany","Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University,Aachen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052011017","display_name":"Matthias Daub","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8279-0832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326965316","display_name":"Julius K\u00fchn-Institut","ror":"https://ror.org/022d5qt08","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326965316","https://openalex.org/I2801963157"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Daub","raw_affiliation_strings":["Julius Kühn Institute: Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants,Elsdorf,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Julius Kühn Institute: Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants,Elsdorf,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326965316"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060884084","display_name":"Hans-Georg Luigs","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans-Georg Luigs","raw_affiliation_strings":["LemnaTec GmbH,Aachen,Germany","LemnaTec GmbH, Aachen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LemnaTec GmbH,Aachen,Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LemnaTec GmbH, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041740187","display_name":"Marcus Jansen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1866-6196"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcus Jansen","raw_affiliation_strings":["LemnaTec GmbH,Aachen,Germany","LemnaTec GmbH, Aachen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LemnaTec GmbH,Aachen,Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LemnaTec GmbH, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064747056","display_name":"Dorit Merhof","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1672-2185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorit Merhof","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University,Aachen,Germany","Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University,Aachen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100336427"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1199,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40874091,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2022","issue":null,"first_page":"2128","last_page":"2131"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9757000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7792762517929077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7242381572723389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7132699489593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.6416590213775635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.5982534885406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.555777370929718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.549182116985321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5187735557556152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4778682589530945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.46452462673187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-texture","display_name":"Image texture","score":0.42877522110939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.416448712348938}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7792762517929077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7242381572723389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7132699489593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.6416590213775635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.5982534885406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.555777370929718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.549182116985321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5187735557556152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4778682589530945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.46452462673187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63099799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17147001","display_name":"Image texture","level":4,"score":0.42877522110939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.416448712348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009348","descriptor_name":"Nematoda","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009348","descriptor_name":"Nematoda","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009348","descriptor_name":"Nematoda","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871517","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871517","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607706","display_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:36086161","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36086161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1693171120","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1999478155","https://openalex.org/W2083277843","https://openalex.org/W2161236525","https://openalex.org/W2169284850","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2306289963","https://openalex.org/W2734349601","https://openalex.org/W2776207810","https://openalex.org/W2798376494","https://openalex.org/W2805605684","https://openalex.org/W2886773299","https://openalex.org/W2952793010","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2979770789","https://openalex.org/W3036810311","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6752632402","https://openalex.org/W6767224452"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4360784979","https://openalex.org/W3017192027","https://openalex.org/W2204605857","https://openalex.org/W1996489018","https://openalex.org/W2120981610","https://openalex.org/W2007664797","https://openalex.org/W3129669851","https://openalex.org/W2360759360","https://openalex.org/W2065064759","https://openalex.org/W3196005494"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Image":[0],"segmentation":[1,39,79,88,96],"models":[2,20],"trained":[3,21],"only":[4,129],"with":[5,22,130],"image-level":[6,32,131],"labels":[7,33],"have":[8],"become":[9],"increasingly":[10],"popular":[11],"as":[12],"they":[13,43],"require":[14],"significantly":[15],"less":[16,45],"annotation":[17],"effort":[18],"than":[19],"scribble,":[23],"bounding":[24],"box":[25],"or":[26],"pixel-wise":[27],"annotations.":[28],"While":[29],"methods":[30],"utilizing":[31],"achieve":[34],"promising":[35],"performance":[36,61],"for":[37,47,143],"the":[38,48],"of":[40,89,138],"larger-scale":[41],"objects,":[42,116],"perform":[44],"well":[46],"fine":[49,90,103],"structures":[50,91],"frequently":[51],"encountered":[52,122],"in":[53,113,123],"biological":[54],"images.":[55],"In":[56],"order":[57],"to":[58,98],"address":[59],"this":[60],"gap,":[62],"we":[63],"propose":[64],"a":[65],"deep":[66],"network":[67],"architecture":[68],"based":[69],"on":[70],"two":[71],"key":[72],"principles,":[73],"Global":[74],"Weighted":[75],"Pooling":[76],"(GWP)":[77],"and":[78,109,140,145],"refinement":[80],"by":[81],"low-level":[82],"image":[83,99],"cues,":[84],"that,":[85],"together,":[86],"make":[87],"possible.":[92],"We":[93],"apply":[94],"our":[95,133],"method":[97],"datasets":[100],"containing":[101],"such":[102],"structures,":[104],"nematodes":[105],"(worms":[106],"+":[107],"eggs)":[108],"nematode":[110,144,146],"cysts":[111],"immersed":[112],"organic":[114],"debris":[115],"which":[117],"is":[118],"an":[119],"application":[120],"scenario":[121],"automated":[124],"soil":[125],"sample":[126],"screening.":[127],"Supervised":[128],"labels,":[132],"approach":[134],"achieves":[135],"Dice":[136],"coefficients":[137],"79.72%":[139],"58.51":[141],"%":[142],"cyst":[147],"segmentation,":[148],"respectively.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-09-08T00:00:00"}