{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294974831","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871463","title":"Subject-Transfer Decoding using the Convolutional Neural Network for Motor Imagery-based Brain-Computer Interface","display_name":"Subject-Transfer Decoding using the Convolutional Neural Network for Motor Imagery-based Brain-Computer Interface","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294974831","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871463","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36086005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871463","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871463","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607706","display_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040822976","display_name":"Ji-Hyeok Jeong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58716616","display_name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzfa883","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27494661","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ji-Hyeok Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University,Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering,Seoul,Korea","Rep., and the Bionics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University,Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rep., and the Bionics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58716616"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102859066","display_name":"Keun-Tae Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2731-3915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58716616","display_name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzfa883","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27494661","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keun-Tae Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bionics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology,Seoul,South Korea","Bionics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bionics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology,Seoul,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58716616"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bionics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101947623","display_name":"Dong\u2010Joo Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0988-2236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Joo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University,Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering,Seoul,South Korea","Department of Neurology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University,Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering,Seoul,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091788401","display_name":"Song Joo Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6710-9209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58716616","display_name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzfa883","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27494661","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song Joo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bionics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology,Seoul,South Korea","Bionics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bionics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology,Seoul,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58716616"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bionics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100695852","display_name":"Hyungmin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9527-0609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyungmin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University,Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering,Seoul,Korea","Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University,Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040822976"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611","https://openalex.org/I58716616"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8024,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65786385,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2022","issue":null,"first_page":"48","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6855381727218628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6673238277435303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6351426839828491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.6215370893478394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.6168882846832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.615975022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5974879264831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-imagery","display_name":"Motor imagery","score":0.5592958927154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject","display_name":"Subject (documents)","score":0.5212438702583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40671539306640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32434868812561035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.14573022723197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09268346428871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.08053186535835266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.07428470253944397}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6855381727218628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6673238277435303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6351426839828491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.6215370893478394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.6168882846832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.615975022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5974879264831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54808283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6918191","display_name":"Motor imagery","level":4,"score":0.5592958927154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.5212438702583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40671539306640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32434868812561035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.14573022723197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09268346428871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.08053186535835266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.07428470253944397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007092","descriptor_name":"Imagination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007092","descriptor_name":"Imagination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007092","descriptor_name":"Imagination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019018","descriptor_name":"Imagery, Psychotherapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019018","descriptor_name":"Imagery, Psychotherapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019018","descriptor_name":"Imagery, Psychotherapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871463","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871463","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607706","display_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:36086005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36086005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1841495259","https://openalex.org/W1973574316","https://openalex.org/W2019486068","https://openalex.org/W2097381042","https://openalex.org/W2099509424","https://openalex.org/W2121044470","https://openalex.org/W2155617375","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2505613605","https://openalex.org/W2559463885","https://openalex.org/W2741907166","https://openalex.org/W2803187616","https://openalex.org/W2943769615","https://openalex.org/W2951108876","https://openalex.org/W2963283402","https://openalex.org/W2995727660","https://openalex.org/W3012521722","https://openalex.org/W3080222908","https://openalex.org/W3102455230","https://openalex.org/W3115777743","https://openalex.org/W3202032803","https://openalex.org/W4247128285","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6674600207","https://openalex.org/W6678230397","https://openalex.org/W6751420435"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977940006","https://openalex.org/W2510077457","https://openalex.org/W2887556756","https://openalex.org/W195417223","https://openalex.org/W2951110009","https://openalex.org/W1513407214","https://openalex.org/W1984377984","https://openalex.org/W3045772920","https://openalex.org/W1961545574","https://openalex.org/W2047816336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Various":[0],"pattern-recognition":[1],"or":[2],"machine":[3],"learning-based":[4],"methods":[5],"have":[6],"recently":[7],"been":[8],"developed":[9],"to":[10,27,32,35,79,178],"improve":[11],"the":[12,15,29,36,80,88,92,99,104,110,115,122,128,169,173,187],"accuracy":[13,120,184],"of":[14,63,112],"motor":[16],"imagery":[17],"(MI)-based":[18],"brain-computer":[19],"interface":[20],"(BCI).":[21],"However,":[22],"more":[23],"research":[24],"is":[25,56],"needed":[26],"reduce":[28],"training":[30,64,83,113,189],"time":[31],"apply":[33],"it":[34],"real-world":[37],"environment.":[38],"In":[39],"this":[40],"study,":[41],"we":[42],"propose":[43],"a":[44,50,60],"subject-transfer":[45],"decoding":[46],"method":[47,90,117,175],"based":[48],"on":[49,103],"convolutional":[51],"neural":[52],"network":[53],"(CNN)":[54],"which":[55,97,125,152],"robust":[57],"even":[58,185],"with":[59,71,108,186],"small":[61],"number":[62,111],"trials.":[65,190],"The":[66],"proposed":[67,89,116,174],"CNN":[68],"was":[69,153,176],"pre-trained":[70],"other":[72],"subjects'":[73],"MI":[74,84],"data":[75,131],"and":[76,146,163],"then":[77],"fine-tuned":[78],"target":[81,129],"subject's":[82,130],"data.":[85],"We":[86],"evaluated":[87],"using":[91],"BCI":[93],"competition":[94],"IV":[95],"data2a,":[96],"had":[98],"4-class":[100],"MIs.":[101],"Consequently,":[102,172],"same":[105],"test":[106],"dataset,":[107],"changing":[109],"trials,":[114],"showed":[118],"better":[119],"than":[121,168],"self-training":[123,170],"method,":[124],"used":[126],"only":[127],"for":[132],"training,":[133],"as":[134],"averaged":[135],"86.54\u00b17.78%":[136],"(288":[137,155],"trials),":[138,142,145,150,156,159,162],"85.76":[139],"\u00b18.00%":[140],"(240":[141,158],"84.65\u00b18.11%":[143],"(192":[144,161],"83.29":[147],"\u00b18.25%":[148],"(144":[149,165],"respectively,":[151],"4.94%":[154],"6.10%":[157],"9.03%":[160],"12.31%":[164],"trials)-point":[166],"higher":[167],"method.":[171],"shown":[177],"be":[179],"effective":[180],"in":[181],"maintaining":[182],"classification":[183],"reduced":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
