{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294975097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871417","title":"Numerical Analysis of Temperature Distribution Profiles of Breast Tissues with Cyst and Tumor of Different sizes and Locations","display_name":"Numerical Analysis of Temperature Distribution Profiles of Breast Tissues with Cyst and Tumor of Different sizes and Locations","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294975097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871417","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36086104"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871417","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607706","display_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046921555","display_name":"Kumar Nandan Sinha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kumar Nandan Sinha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Applied Mechanics,Madras,India","Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Applied Mechanics,Madras,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084778482","display_name":"Navaneethakrishna Makaram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5751-8842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Navaneethakrishna Makaram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Applied Mechanics,Madras,India","Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Applied Mechanics,Madras,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048876195","display_name":"Abhijit Chaudhuri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3198-5781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhijit Chaudhuri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Applied Mechanics,Madras,India","Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Applied Mechanics,Madras,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100649490","display_name":"Ramakrishnan Swaminathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4471-9629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramakrishnan Swaminathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Applied Mechanics,Madras,India","Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Department of Applied Mechanics,Madras,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15355866,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"3955","last_page":"3958"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11109","display_name":"Thermoregulation and physiological responses","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"Breast cancer","score":0.7070208191871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-tumor","display_name":"Breast tumor","score":0.5890373587608337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyst","display_name":"Cyst","score":0.5535132884979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer","display_name":"Heat transfer","score":0.5139777064323425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radius","display_name":"RADIUS","score":0.5139328837394714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.46509018540382385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abnormality","display_name":"Abnormality","score":0.439690500497818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioheat-transfer","display_name":"Bioheat transfer","score":0.43842780590057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.3840344548225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.37471428513526917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3220198452472687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.2776690125465393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.23822396993637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.19639375805854797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17937806248664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.15779122710227966}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.7070208191871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986637895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q953865","display_name":"Breast tumor","level":4,"score":0.5890373587608337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780597408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193211","display_name":"Cyst","level":2,"score":0.5535132884979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.5139777064323425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178635117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499","display_name":"RADIUS","level":2,"score":0.5139328837394714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.46509018540382385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50965678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2724302","display_name":"Abnormality","level":2,"score":0.439690500497818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186725500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Bioheat transfer","level":3,"score":0.43842780590057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.3840344548225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.37471428513526917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3220198452472687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.2776690125465393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.23822396993637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.19639375805854797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17937806248664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.15779122710227966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001831","descriptor_name":"Body Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001831","descriptor_name":"Body Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001831","descriptor_name":"Body Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003560","descriptor_name":"Cysts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003560","descriptor_name":"Cysts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003560","descriptor_name":"Cysts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013696","descriptor_name":"Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013696","descriptor_name":"Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013696","descriptor_name":"Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871417","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607706","display_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:36086104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36086104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971924341","https://openalex.org/W2042895551","https://openalex.org/W2073369633","https://openalex.org/W2107032759","https://openalex.org/W2146404473","https://openalex.org/W2329136588","https://openalex.org/W2911200613","https://openalex.org/W3122643574","https://openalex.org/W4239526824"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3048671987","https://openalex.org/W4247543202","https://openalex.org/W1986405716","https://openalex.org/W2188063175","https://openalex.org/W3214589995","https://openalex.org/W4243456421","https://openalex.org/W1824807717","https://openalex.org/W1993404863","https://openalex.org/W2078678104","https://openalex.org/W2098548674"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Breast":[0],"cancer":[1],"causes":[2],"more":[3],"deaths":[4],"among":[5],"all":[6],"types":[7],"of":[8,22,27,54,69,78,140,146,158],"cancers.":[9],"Efforts":[10],"have":[11],"been":[12],"put":[13],"to":[14,51],"study":[15,150],"the":[16,23,43,52,67,73,76,81,84,108,130,137,141,155],"change":[17,114],"in":[18,25,115,136,154],"temperature":[19,48,74,82,110,117],"distribution":[20],"profile":[21],"breast":[24,159],"presence":[26,53,68],"an":[28],"abnormality.":[29],"By":[30],"applying":[31],"Pennes's":[32],"bio-heat":[33],"equation,":[34],"a":[35,70,93,104,121],"2D":[36],"finite":[37],"element":[38],"model":[39],"is":[40,87,118,125],"developed":[41],"for":[42],"heat":[44],"transfer":[45],"mechanism.":[46],"Surface":[47],"gradients":[49],"due":[50],"abnormalities":[55],"at":[56],"various":[57],"depths":[58],"and":[59,98,127,144],"sizes":[60],"are":[61],"analyzed.":[62],"The":[63,112,132],"results":[64,134],"show":[65],"that":[66,89],"cyst":[71,122],"decreases":[72],"whereas":[75],"occurrence":[77],"tumor":[79,124],"increases":[80],"inside":[83],"breast.":[85],"It":[86],"observed":[88,119],"abnormal":[90],"tissue":[91],"having":[92],"radius":[94],"less":[95],"than":[96,101],"1.5cm":[97],"depth":[99],"greater":[100],"5cm,":[102],"has":[103],"negligible":[105],"effect":[106],"on":[107],"surface":[109,116],"profile.":[111],"highest":[113],"when":[120],"or":[123],"larger":[126],"present":[128],"near":[129],"skin.":[131],"simulation":[133],"help":[135],"better":[138],"interpretation":[139],"thermal":[142],"images":[143],"calibration":[145],"infrared":[147],"camera.":[148],"This":[149],"could":[151],"be":[152],"helpful":[153],"early":[156],"diagnosis":[157],"cancer.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}