{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4295479824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871295","title":"Deep-Learning based Sleep Apnea Detection using SpO2 and Pulse Rate","display_name":"Deep-Learning based Sleep Apnea Detection using SpO2 and Pulse Rate","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4295479824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871295","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36085724"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871295","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871295","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/9870821/9870822/09871295.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607706","display_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/9870821/9870822/09871295.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101890978","display_name":"Pragya Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3699-226X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pragya Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biofourmis Inc,Boston,MA,USA,02110"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biofourmis Inc,Boston,MA,USA,02110","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030613735","display_name":"Ali Jalali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9894-3071"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Jalali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biofourmis Inc,Boston,MA,USA,02110"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biofourmis Inc,Boston,MA,USA,02110","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089116198","display_name":"Maulik D. Majmudar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8894-7981"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maulik Majmudar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biofourmis Inc,Boston,MA,USA,02110"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biofourmis Inc,Boston,MA,USA,02110","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055885921","display_name":"Kuldeep Singh Rajput","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuldeep Singh Rajput","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biofourmis Inc,Boston,MA,USA,02110"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biofourmis Inc,Boston,MA,USA,02110","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023894020","display_name":"Nandakumar Selvaraj","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nandakumar Selvaraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biofourmis Inc,Boston,MA,USA,02110"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biofourmis Inc,Boston,MA,USA,02110","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101890978"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.4855,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99654577,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2022","issue":null,"first_page":"2611","last_page":"2614"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11456","display_name":"Neuroscience of respiration and sleep","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-apnea","display_name":"Sleep apnea","score":0.8058977127075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apnea","display_name":"Apnea","score":0.7278517484664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.6504013538360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.5775537490844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polysomnography","display_name":"Polysomnography","score":0.5130511522293091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-oximetry","display_name":"Pulse oximetry","score":0.4924717843532562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohort","display_name":"Cohort","score":0.47207072377204895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypopnea","display_name":"Hypopnea","score":0.4633631408214569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.4425557851791382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-saturation","display_name":"Oxygen saturation","score":0.4318237900733948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-rate","display_name":"Pulse rate","score":0.4315699338912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology","display_name":"Cardiology","score":0.4302263855934143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38291656970977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36483392119407654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.34395480155944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anesthesia","display_name":"Anesthesia","score":0.21859624981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure","display_name":"Blood pressure","score":0.14403414726257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10357555747032166}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777935920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213600","display_name":"Sleep apnea","level":2,"score":0.8058977127075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781326671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754424","display_name":"Apnea","level":2,"score":0.7278517484664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6504013538360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.5775537490844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778205975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754874","display_name":"Polysomnography","level":3,"score":0.5130511522293091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780124106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140495","display_name":"Pulse oximetry","level":2,"score":0.4924717843532562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.47207072377204895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777711342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q957217","display_name":"Hypopnea","level":4,"score":0.4633631408214569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.4425557851791382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76538665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6294669","display_name":"Oxygen saturation","level":3,"score":0.4318237900733948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988351347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191733","display_name":"Pulse rate","level":3,"score":0.4315699338912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.4302263855934143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38291656970977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36483392119407654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.34395480155944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.21859624981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.14403414726257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10357555747032166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540031477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629","display_name":"Oxygen","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000089382","descriptor_name":"Oxygen Saturation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000089382","descriptor_name":"Oxygen Saturation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000089382","descriptor_name":"Oxygen Saturation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010100","descriptor_name":"Oxygen","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010100","descriptor_name":"Oxygen","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010100","descriptor_name":"Oxygen","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012891","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea Syndromes","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012891","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea Syndromes","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012891","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea Syndromes","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017286","descriptor_name":"Polysomnography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017286","descriptor_name":"Polysomnography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017286","descriptor_name":"Polysomnography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871295","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871295","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/9870821/9870822/09871295.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607706","display_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:36085724","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36085724","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871295","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871295","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/9870821/9870822/09871295.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607706","display_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295479824.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295479824.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W160785014","https://openalex.org/W1545241942","https://openalex.org/W1988681682","https://openalex.org/W2042679194","https://openalex.org/W2061276287","https://openalex.org/W2071879357","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2291216749","https://openalex.org/W2483520518","https://openalex.org/W2499896664","https://openalex.org/W2757162087","https://openalex.org/W2793659206","https://openalex.org/W2889375739","https://openalex.org/W2896022403","https://openalex.org/W2983650611","https://openalex.org/W3090333983","https://openalex.org/W6606539394","https://openalex.org/W6680045384"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007477980","https://openalex.org/W2413653768","https://openalex.org/W65074871","https://openalex.org/W2385244159","https://openalex.org/W2415962170","https://openalex.org/W2370410718","https://openalex.org/W2361491172","https://openalex.org/W2405235165","https://openalex.org/W2383496458","https://openalex.org/W2021651157"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,183],"work":[1],"presents":[2],"automated":[3,166],"apnea":[4,55,99,109,120,128,148,168],"event":[5,149],"de-tection":[6],"using":[7,151,178],"blood":[8],"oxygen":[9],"saturation":[10],"(SpO2)":[11],"and":[12,61,90,129,143,192],"pulse":[13,20,154,181],"rate":[14],"(PR),":[15],"conveniently":[16],"recorded":[17],"with":[18,38,111,175],"a":[19,141,152,171,180],"oximeter.":[21,182],"A":[22,48],"large,":[23],"diverse":[24,172],"cohort":[25,174],"of":[26,69,80,115],"patients":[27],"(n=8068,":[28],"age\u226540":[29],"years)":[30],"from":[31],"the":[32,76,85,94,102,112,137],"sleep":[33,40,147,191],"heart":[34],"health":[35,193],"study":[36,161,173],"dataset":[37],"annotated":[39],"events":[41],"have":[42],"been":[43],"employed":[44],"in":[45,56],"this":[46],"study.":[47],"deep-learning":[49],"model":[50,103],"is":[51],"trained":[52],"to":[53],"detect":[54],"successive":[57],"30":[58],"s":[59],"epochs":[60],"performances":[62],"are":[63],"assessed":[64],"on":[65],"two":[66],"independent":[67],"sub-cohorts":[68],"test":[70,78],"data.":[71],"The":[72,160],"proposed":[73,138],"algorithm":[74,139],"showcases":[75],"highest":[77,113],"performance":[79],"90.4":[81],"%":[82,117,125,131],"area":[83,92],"under":[84,93],"receiver":[86],"operating":[87],"characteristic":[88],"curve":[89,96],"58.9%":[91],"precision-recall":[95],"for":[97,118,126,132,146,165],"epoch-based":[98,167],"detection.":[100],"Additionally,":[101],"consistently":[104],"performs":[105],"well":[106],"across":[107,170],"various":[108,176],"subtypes,":[110],"sensitivity":[114,164],"93.4":[116],"obstructive":[119],"detection":[121,150,169],"followed":[122],"by":[123],"90.5":[124],"central":[127],"89.1":[130],"desaturation":[133],"associated":[134],"hypopnea.":[135],"Overall,":[136],"provides":[140],"robust":[142],"sensitive":[144],"approach":[145,186],"noninvasive":[153],"oximeter":[155],"sensor.":[156],"Clinical":[157],"Relevance":[158],"-":[159],"establishes":[162],"high":[163],"comorbidities":[177],"simply":[179],"highly":[184],"cost-effective":[185],"could":[187],"also":[188],"enable":[189],"convenient":[190],"monitoring":[194],"over":[195],"long-term.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}