{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4295434409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871183","title":"Transformer-Based T2-weighted MRI Synthesis from T1-weighted Images","display_name":"Transformer-Based T2-weighted MRI Synthesis from T1-weighted Images","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4295434409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871183","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36083917"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607706","display_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025503796","display_name":"Kai Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Shenzhen,China","Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025516568","display_name":"Pujin Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4844-5146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pujin Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Shenzhen,China","Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101830887","display_name":"Ziqi Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8008-5873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziqi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Shenzhen,China","Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100459666","display_name":"Li Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9789-0825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Shenzhen,China","Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080168999","display_name":"Xiaoying Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7549-6560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoying Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Shenzhen,China","Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2022","issue":null,"first_page":"5062","last_page":"5065"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6910675168037415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6343694925308228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.6262578964233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.6041261553764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modality","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","score":0.5902771949768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4956718683242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-adversarial-network","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","score":0.4785904884338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.4431711435317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.44036680459976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/missing-data","display_name":"Missing data","score":0.4179345965385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2818082571029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.09084618091583252}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6910675168037415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6343694925308228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6262578964233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.6041261553764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.5902771949768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4956718683242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988773926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25104379","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","level":3,"score":0.4785904884338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.4431711435317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.44036680459976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9357733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878417","display_name":"Missing data","level":2,"score":0.4179345965385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2818082571029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.09084618091583252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607706","display_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:36083917","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36083917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7508651374","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u56fe\u8c31\u5fae\u5206\u540c\u80da\u914d\u51c6\u53ca\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u591a\u7c92\u5ea6\u5168\u8111\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u5272\u7b97\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071210","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2125389028","https://openalex.org/W2807888536","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963767194","https://openalex.org/W2963768110","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3105747145","https://openalex.org/W3108316907","https://openalex.org/W3131500599","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3160284783","https://openalex.org/W3180897515","https://openalex.org/W3197740889","https://openalex.org/W3199160013","https://openalex.org/W3202802159","https://openalex.org/W3204148491","https://openalex.org/W4200405189","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6678815747","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6784333009","https://openalex.org/W6795435739","https://openalex.org/W6798351829"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3024870410","https://openalex.org/W2410652950","https://openalex.org/W4380150146","https://openalex.org/W4283773154","https://openalex.org/W3139174110","https://openalex.org/W4289597203","https://openalex.org/W1977098485","https://openalex.org/W2085630472","https://openalex.org/W4285201053","https://openalex.org/W4256612600"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-modality":[0],"magnetic":[1],"resonance":[2],"(MR)":[3],"images":[4,85,147],"provide":[5],"complementary":[6],"information":[7],"for":[8,65,81,129],"disease":[9],"diagnoses.":[10],"However,":[11],"modality":[12,51,154],"missing":[13,36,68,155],"is":[14,79],"quite":[15],"usual":[16],"in":[17,48,54,157],"real-life":[18],"clinical":[19],"practice.":[20],"Current":[21],"methods":[22,128],"usually":[23],"employ":[24],"convolution-based":[25],"generative":[26],"adversarial":[27],"network":[28],"(GAN)":[29],"or":[30],"its":[31,46],"variants":[32],"to":[33,88,105,144,151],"synthesize":[34,145],"the":[35,39,49,97,153],"modality.":[37],"With":[38],"development":[40],"of":[41,72],"vision":[42],"transformer,":[43],"we":[44],"explore":[45],"application":[47],"MRI":[50],"synthesis":[52],"task":[53],"this":[55],"work.":[56],"We":[57,95],"propose":[58],"a":[59,67,73,77,113,117,142],"novel":[60],"supervised":[61,127],"deep":[62],"learning":[63],"method":[64,143],"synthesizing":[66],"modality,":[69],"making":[70],"use":[71],"transformer-based":[74],"encoder.":[75],"Specifically,":[76],"model":[78,124],"trained":[80],"translating":[82],"2D":[83],"MR":[84,130],"from":[86,148],"T1-weighted":[87,149],"T2-weighted":[89,146],"based":[90],"on":[91,112],"conditional":[92],"GAN":[93],"(cGAN).":[94],"replace":[96],"encoder":[98],"with":[99],"transformer":[100],"and":[101,116,135],"input":[102],"adjacent":[103],"slices":[104],"enrich":[106],"spatial":[107],"prior":[108],"knowledge.":[109],"Experimental":[110],"results":[111],"private":[114],"dataset":[115,119],"public":[118],"demonstrate":[120],"that":[121],"our":[122],"proposed":[123],"outperforms":[125],"state-of-the-art":[126],"image":[131],"synthesis,":[132],"both":[133],"quantitatively":[134],"qualitatively.":[136],"Clinical":[137],"relevance-":[138],"This":[139],"work":[140],"proposes":[141],"ones":[150],"address":[152],"issue":[156],"MRI.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
