{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200090940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9631083","title":"A Study of Visual Search based Calibration Protocol for EEG Attention Detection","display_name":"A Study of Visual Search based Calibration Protocol for EEG Attention Detection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200090940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9631083","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892436"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9631083","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9631083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015569198","display_name":"Aung Aung Phyo Wai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5734-5689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aung Aung Phyo Wai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological Univeristy,School of Computer Science and Engineering,Singapore,639798"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological Univeristy,School of Computer Science and Engineering,Singapore,639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044823721","display_name":"Jee Ern Tchen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jee Ern Tchen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological Univeristy,School of Computer Science and Engineering,Singapore,639798"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological Univeristy,School of Computer Science and Engineering,Singapore,639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031778999","display_name":"Cuntai Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0872-3276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cuntai Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological Univeristy,School of Computer Science and Engineering,Singapore,639798"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological Univeristy,School of Computer Science and Engineering,Singapore,639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"5792","last_page":"5795"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7505254149436951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6867804527282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.6562599539756775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.6082539558410645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.6078077554702759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5732008814811707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.47390878200531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.4451848864555359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4385095238685608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3514271378517151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3377366065979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.20117661356925964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.12986841797828674}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7505254149436951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6867804527282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.6562599539756775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.6082539558410645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.6078077554702759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5732008814811707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.47390878200531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.4451848864555359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4385095238685608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3514271378517151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3377366065979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.20117661356925964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.12986841797828674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9631083","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9631083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:34892436","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049344501","https://openalex.org/W2060692276","https://openalex.org/W2074905267","https://openalex.org/W2124412487","https://openalex.org/W2131904035","https://openalex.org/W2133278205","https://openalex.org/W2154337915","https://openalex.org/W2580116204","https://openalex.org/W2591673470","https://openalex.org/W2604093187","https://openalex.org/W2796993874","https://openalex.org/W2883280128","https://openalex.org/W2915893085","https://openalex.org/W2934070878","https://openalex.org/W2942270306","https://openalex.org/W3081800656","https://openalex.org/W3088821878","https://openalex.org/W3113354713","https://openalex.org/W6679539681","https://openalex.org/W6782037782"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3202969339","https://openalex.org/W4237513258","https://openalex.org/W2044053727","https://openalex.org/W1994410349","https://openalex.org/W3177028067","https://openalex.org/W1913385466","https://openalex.org/W2914170859","https://openalex.org/W4382934300","https://openalex.org/W2121061354","https://openalex.org/W4285388059"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Attention,":[0],"a":[1,62,96,146,160],"multi-faceted":[2],"cognitive":[3],"process,":[4],"is":[5,178],"essential":[6],"in":[7,27,86,105,204],"our":[8],"daily":[9],"lives.":[10],"We":[11,67,100,210],"can":[12],"measure":[13],"visual":[14,111],"attention":[15,26,35,70,88,102,208,217,223],"using":[16,72],"an":[17,114],"EEG":[18,43,49,156],"Brain-Computer":[19],"Interface":[20],"for":[21,45],"detecting":[22],"different":[23],"levels":[24,71],"of":[25,133,149],"gaming,":[28],"performance":[29,132],"training,":[30],"and":[31,119,125],"clinical":[32],"applications.":[33],"In":[34],"calibration,":[36,55],"we":[37,56,138,152,169],"use":[38,109],"Flanker":[39],"task":[40],"to":[41,52,195,220],"capture":[42],"data":[44,50,140],"attentive":[46],"class.":[47],"For":[48,145],"belonging":[51],"inattentive":[53],"class":[54],"instruct":[57],"subject":[58,175],"not":[59,84],"focusing":[60],"on":[61,65,226],"specific":[63],"position":[64],"screen.":[66],"then":[68],"classify":[69],"binary":[73,162],"classifier":[74,218],"trained":[75],"with":[76,113,159,215],"these":[77,227],"surrogate":[78],"ground-truth":[79],"classes.":[80],"However,":[81],"subjects":[82],"may":[83],"be":[85],"desirable":[87],"conditions":[89],"when":[90],"performing":[91],"repetitive":[92],"boring":[93],"activities":[94],"over":[95],"long":[97],"experiment":[98],"duration.":[99],"propose":[101],"calibration":[103,167,213],"protocols":[104,214],"this":[106],"paper":[107],"that":[108],"simultaneous":[110],"search":[112],"audio":[115],"directional":[116],"change":[117],"paradigm":[118],"static":[120],"white":[121],"noise":[122],"as":[123],"'attentive'":[124],"'inattentive'":[126],"conditions,":[127],"respectively.":[128],"To":[129],"compare":[130],"the":[131,165,185],"proposed":[134],"calibrations":[135,200],"against":[136],"baselines,":[137],"collected":[139],"from":[141],"sixteen":[142],"healthy":[143],"subjects.":[144],"fair":[147],"comparison":[148],"classification":[150],"performance;":[151],"used":[153],"six":[154],"basic":[155],"band-power":[157],"features":[158],"standard":[161],"classifier.":[163],"With":[164],"new":[166,199],"protocol,":[168],"achieved":[170],"74.37":[171],"\u00b1":[172,181],"6.56%":[173],"mean":[174],"accuracy,":[176],"which":[177],"about":[179],"3.73":[180],"2.49%":[182],"higher":[183],"than":[184],"baseline,":[186],"but":[187],"there":[188],"were":[189],"no":[190],"statistically":[191],"significant":[192],"differences.":[193],"According":[194],"post-experiment":[196],"survey":[197],"results,":[198],"are":[201],"more":[202],"effective":[203],"inducing":[205],"desired":[206],"perceived":[207],"levels.":[209],"will":[211],"improve":[212],"reliable":[216],"modeling":[219],"enable":[221],"better":[222],"recognition":[224],"based":[225],"promising":[228],"results.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
