{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200012375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630986","title":"Low Intensity Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Modulates Spontaneous Spiking Activities in Rat Cortex","display_name":"Low Intensity Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Modulates Spontaneous Spiking Activities in Rat Cortex","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200012375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630986","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892558"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630986","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039228510","display_name":"Wenxuan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4852-6055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxuan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074256339","display_name":"Robert Isenhart","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802549562","display_name":"Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03t3q6164","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328359107","https://openalex.org/I2802549562"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Isenhart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, USA","USC Neurorestoration Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802549562"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"USC Neurorestoration Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048658741","display_name":"Natalie M. Kistler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5369-9038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalie Kistler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060179425","display_name":"Zhouxiao Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhouxiao Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021707700","display_name":"Huijing Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5882-3531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huijing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112874524","display_name":"Darrin J. Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802549562","display_name":"Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03t3q6164","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328359107","https://openalex.org/I2802549562"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darrin J Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, USA","USC Neurorestoration Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802549562"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"USC Neurorestoration Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016156250","display_name":"Charles Y. Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6423-8577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802549562","display_name":"Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03t3q6164","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328359107","https://openalex.org/I2802549562"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Y Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, USA","USC Neurorestoration Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802549562"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"USC Neurorestoration Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070732235","display_name":"Dong Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6179-1120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","USC Neurorestoration Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"USC Neurorestoration Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"6318","last_page":"6321"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","score":0.8751280307769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromodulation","display_name":"Neuromodulation","score":0.8208714723587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.7309366464614868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/somatosensory-system","display_name":"Somatosensory system","score":0.6921471357345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-motor-cortex","display_name":"Primary motor cortex","score":0.624029278755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-cortex","display_name":"Motor cortex","score":0.5826151371002197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.5539646148681641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-coil","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","score":0.43968626856803894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.33867454528808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3190298080444336}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778581513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263962","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","level":3,"score":0.8751280307769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780375056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905905","display_name":"Neuromodulation","level":3,"score":0.8208714723587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.7309366464614868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172497186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q328835","display_name":"Somatosensory system","level":2,"score":0.6921471357345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780307956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18707","display_name":"Primary motor cortex","level":4,"score":0.624029278755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778373776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18696","display_name":"Motor cortex","level":3,"score":0.5826151371002197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.5539646148681641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.43968626856803894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.33867454528808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3190298080444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013003","descriptor_name":"Somatosensory Cortex","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013003","descriptor_name":"Somatosensory Cortex","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013003","descriptor_name":"Somatosensory Cortex","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D050781","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050781","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050781","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060726","descriptor_name":"Torso","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060726","descriptor_name":"Torso","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060726","descriptor_name":"Torso","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630986","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:34892558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973166318","https://openalex.org/W2017776538","https://openalex.org/W2061208900","https://openalex.org/W2138956975","https://openalex.org/W2143546030","https://openalex.org/W2146803302","https://openalex.org/W2471158066","https://openalex.org/W2511251353","https://openalex.org/W2791037135","https://openalex.org/W2799646147"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014358347","https://openalex.org/W2187026211","https://openalex.org/W2118349676","https://openalex.org/W2143771006","https://openalex.org/W2615594746","https://openalex.org/W2008943882","https://openalex.org/W2499553382","https://openalex.org/W2735406630","https://openalex.org/W2015356729","https://openalex.org/W2085357995"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Repetitive":[0],"transcranial":[1],"magnetic":[2],"stimulation":[3],"(rTMS)":[4],"is":[5],"a":[6,34,64,90],"non-invasive":[7],"technique":[8],"for":[9,38,68,165,178],"neuromodulation.":[10],"Even":[11],"at":[12],"low":[13,43],"intensities,":[14],"rTMS":[15,45],"can":[16],"alter":[17],"the":[18,26,40,53,111,131,153,167,172],"structure":[19],"and":[20,62,115,123,138,174],"function":[21],"of":[22,42,56,98,135,155,169],"neural":[23],"circuits;":[24],"yet":[25],"underlying":[27],"mechanism":[28],"remains":[29],"unclear.":[30],"Here":[31],"we":[32],"report":[33],"new":[35],"experimental":[36,163],"paradigm":[37],"studying":[39],"effect":[41,168],"intensity":[44],"(LI-rTMS)":[46],"on":[47,70,171],"single":[48],"neuron":[49],"spiking":[50],"activities":[51,119],"in":[52,80,147,159],"sensorimotor":[54],"cortex":[55],"anesthetized":[57],"rats.":[58,75],"We":[59],"designed,":[60],"built,":[61],"tested":[63],"miniaturized":[65,157],"TMS":[66],"coil":[67,158],"use":[69],"small":[71],"animals":[72],"such":[73],"as":[74,161],"The":[76],"induced":[77],"electric":[78,95],"field":[79,96],"different":[81,87,148],"3D":[82],"locations":[83],"was":[84,101,108],"measured":[85],"along":[86],"directions":[88],"using":[89,156],"dipole":[91],"probe.":[92],"A":[93],"maximum":[94],"strength":[97],"2.3":[99],"V/m":[100],"achieved.":[102],"LI-rTMS":[103,129,170],"(10":[104],"Hz,":[105],"3":[106],"min)":[107],"delivered":[109],"to":[110],"rat":[112],"primary":[113,136],"motor":[114,137],"somatosensory":[116,139],"cortices.":[117],"Single-unit":[118],"were":[120,145],"recorded":[121],"before":[122],"after":[124],"LI-rTMS.":[125],"Results":[126],"showed":[127],"that":[128],"increased":[130],"spontaneous":[132],"firing":[133],"rates":[134],"cortical":[140],"neurons.":[141,149],"Diverse":[142],"modulatory":[143],"patterns":[144],"observed":[146],"These":[150],"results":[151],"indicated":[152],"feasibility":[154],"rodents":[160],"an":[162],"platform":[164],"evaluating":[166],"brain":[173],"developing":[175],"therapeutic":[176],"strategies":[177],"treating":[179],"neurological":[180],"disorders.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}