{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4237055457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630833","title":"COVID-19: Affect recognition through voice analysis during the winter lockdown in Scotland","display_name":"COVID-19: Affect recognition through voice analysis during the winter lockdown in Scotland","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4237055457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630833","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34890322"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630833","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003110558","display_name":"Sofia de la Fuente Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4915-3177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sofia de la Fuente Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Usher Institute, in the Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Usher Institute, in the Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043348303","display_name":"Fasih Haider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5150-3359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fasih Haider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Usher Institute, in the Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Usher Institute, in the Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060851208","display_name":"Saturnino Luz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8430-7875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saturnino Luz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Usher Institute, in the Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Usher Institute, in the Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003110558"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.894,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74688797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"2326","last_page":"2329"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11795","display_name":"Humor Studies and Applications","score":0.9585999846458435,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10168","display_name":"COVID-19 and Mental Health","score":0.9157000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.6994526982307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.6142441630363464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4262210726737976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3912360370159149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2528238892555237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.1738429069519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1462847888469696}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6994526982307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.6142441630363464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4262210726737976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3912360370159149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2528238892555237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.1738429069519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1462847888469696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003140","descriptor_name":"Communicable Disease Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003140","descriptor_name":"Communicable Disease Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003140","descriptor_name":"Communicable Disease Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012606","descriptor_name":"Scotland","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012606","descriptor_name":"Scotland","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012606","descriptor_name":"Scotland","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630833","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:34890322","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34890322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.75,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W175750906","https://openalex.org/W589698015","https://openalex.org/W2003502731","https://openalex.org/W2013235316","https://openalex.org/W2045528981","https://openalex.org/W2119217515","https://openalex.org/W2132555391","https://openalex.org/W2153822685","https://openalex.org/W2154024118","https://openalex.org/W2166281097","https://openalex.org/W2239141610","https://openalex.org/W2268533710","https://openalex.org/W2344225493","https://openalex.org/W2396589722","https://openalex.org/W2625397849","https://openalex.org/W2735746628","https://openalex.org/W2792191740","https://openalex.org/W2885806496","https://openalex.org/W2889191742","https://openalex.org/W2911763550","https://openalex.org/W2938274889","https://openalex.org/W2981718530","https://openalex.org/W2991435809","https://openalex.org/W3004318991","https://openalex.org/W3009506062","https://openalex.org/W3011642264","https://openalex.org/W3012832369","https://openalex.org/W3025428389","https://openalex.org/W3029097922","https://openalex.org/W3030352285","https://openalex.org/W3033211044","https://openalex.org/W3040138517","https://openalex.org/W3087363907","https://openalex.org/W3095330730","https://openalex.org/W4230306607","https://openalex.org/W4244985361","https://openalex.org/W6617505242","https://openalex.org/W6712588427","https://openalex.org/W6783598399","https://openalex.org/W6812579716"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2560936962","https://openalex.org/W2788727012","https://openalex.org/W4388203630","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2526386912","https://openalex.org/W4205698903","https://openalex.org/W4400613637","https://openalex.org/W2358668433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,93],"COVID-19":[1,50],"pandemic":[2],"has":[3],"led":[4],"to":[5,45,98,157],"unprecedented":[6],"restrictions":[7],"in":[8,53],"people's":[9,85],"lifestyle":[10],"which":[11,148],"have":[12],"affected":[13],"their":[14],"psychological":[15,86],"wellbeing.":[16],"In":[17,122],"this":[18,20],"context,":[19],"paper":[21],"investigates":[22],"the":[23,49,81,143],"use":[24],"of":[25,33,83,106,127,145],"social":[26],"signal":[27],"processing":[28],"techniques":[29],"for":[30,41,116],"remote":[31],"assessment":[32],"emotions.":[34],"It":[35],"presents":[36],"a":[37,102],"machine":[38],"learning":[39],"method":[40,57],"affect":[42,100],"recognition":[43,137],"applied":[44],"recordings":[46,67],"taken":[47],"during":[48],"winter":[51],"lockdown":[52],"Scotland":[54],"(UK).":[55],"This":[56],"is":[58,96],"exclusively":[59],"based":[60],"on":[61],"acoustic":[62],"features":[63],"extracted":[64],"from":[65],"voice":[66],"collected":[68],"through":[69,138],"home":[70,139],"and":[71,90,111,118,125,132],"mobile":[72],"devices":[73,140],"(i.e.":[74],"phones,":[75],"tablets),":[76],"thus":[77],"providing":[78],"insight":[79],"into":[80],"feasibility":[82],"monitoring":[84],"wellbeing":[87],"remotely,":[88],"automatically":[89],"at":[91],"scale.":[92],"proposed":[94],"model":[95],"able":[97],"predict":[99],"with":[101],"concordance":[103],"correlation":[104],"coefficient":[105],"0.4230":[107],"(using":[108,113],"Random":[109],"Forest)":[110],"0.3354":[112],"Decision":[114],"Trees)":[115],"arousal":[117],"valence":[119],"respectively.Clinical":[120],"relevance-":[121],"2018/2019,":[123],"12%":[124],"14%":[126],"Scottish":[128],"adults":[129],"reported":[130],"depression":[131],"anxiety":[133],"symptoms.":[134],"Remote":[135],"emotion":[136],"would":[141],"support":[142],"detection":[144],"these":[146],"difficulties,":[147],"are":[149],"often":[150],"underdiagnosed":[151],"and,":[152],"if":[153],"untreated,":[154],"may":[155],"lead":[156],"temporal":[158],"or":[159],"chronic":[160],"disability.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}