{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200330783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630727","title":"Automatic Segmentation of Mandibular Ramus and Condyles","display_name":"Automatic Segmentation of Mandibular Ramus and Condyles","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200330783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630727","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34891864"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8994041","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028591809","display_name":"Celia Le","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Celia Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016065317","display_name":"Romain Deleat\u2010Besson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4188-8169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Romain Deleat-Besson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101841407","display_name":"Juan Carlos Prieto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3778-9098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Prieto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatry Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatry Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077036435","display_name":"Serge Brosset","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Serge Brosset","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058685588","display_name":"Maxime Dumont","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maxime Dumont","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073654268","display_name":"Winston Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4504-1044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Winston Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066883487","display_name":"Luc\u00eda Cevidanes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9786-2253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucia Cevidanes","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004599808","display_name":"Jonas Bianchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3749-0918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119942576","display_name":"University of the Pacific","ror":"https://ror.org/05ma4gw77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119942576"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonas Bianchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthodontics, Arthur A. Dugoni, School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthodontics, Arthur A. Dugoni, School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119942576"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022457886","display_name":"Ant\u00f4nio Carlos de Oliveira Ruellas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7973-9286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122140584","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03490as77","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["BR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Ruellas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122140584"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064977035","display_name":"Liliane Gomes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9629-8328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I879563668","display_name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)","ror":"https://ror.org/00987cb86","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liliane Gomes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthodontics, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthodontics, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086535340","display_name":"Marcela Gurgel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9978-0542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243754102","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03srtnf24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcela Gurgel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008311692","display_name":"Camila Massaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6011-7946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Camila Massaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthodontics, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthodontics, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016307030","display_name":"Ar\u00f3n Aliaga-Del Castillo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3963-1742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aron Aliaga-Del Castillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthodontics, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthodontics, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038935397","display_name":"Mar\u00edlia Yatabe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8748-6714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marilia Yatabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016865305","display_name":"Erika Benavides","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9218-3742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erika Benavides","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002791106","display_name":"Fabiana N. Soki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabiana Soki","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085839835","display_name":"Najla Al Turkestani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7650-3638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Najla Al Turkestani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061270828","display_name":"Karine Evangelista","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0258-9739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68106152","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s","ror":"https://ror.org/0039d5757","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68106152"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karine Evangelista","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68106152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066777817","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Roberto Gon\u00e7alves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4935-2256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I879563668","display_name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)","ror":"https://ror.org/00987cb86","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joao Goncalves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthodontics, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthodontics, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012911465","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Valladares\u2010Neto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0147-1931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68106152","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s","ror":"https://ror.org/0039d5757","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68106152"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Valladares-Neto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68106152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068342123","display_name":"Maria Alves Garcia Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4130-293X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68106152","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s","ror":"https://ror.org/0039d5757","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68106152"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Alves Garcia Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68106152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045840511","display_name":"Cauby Maia Chaves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0973-4556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243754102","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03srtnf24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cauby Chaves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066431744","display_name":"F\u00e1bio Costa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3343-0034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243754102","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03srtnf24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Costa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035877928","display_name":"Daniela Gamba Garib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2449-1620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniela Garib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthodontics, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthodontics, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069751272","display_name":"Heesoo Oh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6029-6064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119942576","display_name":"University of the Pacific","ror":"https://ror.org/05ma4gw77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119942576"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heesoo Oh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthodontics, Arthur A. Dugoni, School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthodontics, Arthur A. Dugoni, School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119942576"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031330604","display_name":"Jonathan Gryak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5125-7741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Gryak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065838160","display_name":"Martin Styner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8747-5118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Styner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatry Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatry Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017575159","display_name":"Jean\u2010Christophe Fillion\u2010Robin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9688-8950"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Christophe Fillion-Robin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kitware Inc., Chapel Hill, NC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kitware Inc., Chapel Hill, NC","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003181814","display_name":"Beatriz Paniagua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8437-6632"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beatriz Paniagua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kitware Inc., Chapel Hill, NC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kitware Inc., Chapel Hill, NC","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067697464","display_name":"Kayvan Najarian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4485-6612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kayvan Najarian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023608941","display_name":"S. M. Reza Soroushmehr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8417-9260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reza Soroushmehr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":31,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028591809"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.84,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"2952","last_page":"2955"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10852","display_name":"Temporomandibular Joint Disorders","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3603","display_name":"Complementary and Manual Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10852","display_name":"Temporomandibular Joint Disorders","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3603","display_name":"Complementary and Manual Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10356","display_name":"Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3505","display_name":"Orthodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mandibular-ramus","display_name":"Mandibular ramus","score":0.5874474048614502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5692625045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.462777704000473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4388422667980194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/condyle","display_name":"Condyle","score":0.43804675340652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthodontics","display_name":"Orthodontics","score":0.3794293701648712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.14591801166534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molar","display_name":"Molar","score":0.10106638073921204}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910758409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16370","display_name":"Mandibular ramus","level":3,"score":0.5874474048614502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5692625045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.462777704000473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4388422667980194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96646087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q978198","display_name":"Condyle","level":2,"score":0.43804675340652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.3794293701648712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.14591801166534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202271784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189218","display_name":"Molar","level":2,"score":0.10106638073921204}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008334","descriptor_name":"Mandible","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008334","descriptor_name":"Mandible","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008334","descriptor_name":"Mandible","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054893","descriptor_name":"Cone-Beam Computed Tomography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054893","descriptor_name":"Cone-Beam Computed Tomography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054893","descriptor_name":"Cone-Beam Computed Tomography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:34891864","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34891864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8994041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8994041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8994041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8994041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1902985070","https://openalex.org/W2011545725","https://openalex.org/W2071888291","https://openalex.org/W2092341998","https://openalex.org/W2108338823","https://openalex.org/W2535166298","https://openalex.org/W2791402312","https://openalex.org/W2888529080","https://openalex.org/W2952277924","https://openalex.org/W2969327943","https://openalex.org/W2987341104","https://openalex.org/W2999549575","https://openalex.org/W3025172026","https://openalex.org/W3025590102","https://openalex.org/W3037122483","https://openalex.org/W3082963120","https://openalex.org/W4239721925","https://openalex.org/W6749316293"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2516675030","https://openalex.org/W2982237744","https://openalex.org/W2022310945","https://openalex.org/W1972456164","https://openalex.org/W2361864424","https://openalex.org/W2229356310","https://openalex.org/W4318994092","https://openalex.org/W4312287637","https://openalex.org/W4391188007","https://openalex.org/W4296793726"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"order":[1,83],"to":[2,84,120,152,275],"diagnose":[3],"TMJ":[4,262],"pathologies,":[5,263],"we":[6,116,127],"developed":[7],"and":[8,18,28,150,179,212,224,233,240,252],"tested":[9],"a":[10,174,180],"novel":[11],"algorithm,":[12],"MandSeg,":[13],"that":[14,222],"combines":[15],"image":[16,227],"processing":[17],"machine":[19],"learning":[20,181],"approaches":[21],"for":[22,41,99,261,280],"automatically":[23],"segmenting":[24],"the":[25,36,68,73,87,103,123,133,140,154,158,160,189,192,230],"mandibular":[26,88,231],"condyles":[27,232],"ramus.":[29],"A":[30],"deep":[31],"neural":[32],"network":[33],"based":[34],"on":[35,79,191],"U-Net":[37,62,155],"architecture":[38],"was":[39,97,162,169],"trained":[40],"this":[42],"task,":[43],"using":[44],"109":[45],"cone-beam":[46],"computed":[47],"tomography":[48],"(CBCT)":[49],"scans.":[50],"The":[51,61,92,105,167,185,268],"ground":[52],"truth":[53],"label":[54],"maps":[55],"were":[56,76,107,145],"manually":[57],"segmented":[58],"by":[59],"clinicians.":[60],"takes":[63],"2D":[64],"slices":[65,144],"extracted":[66,146],"from":[67,147,235],"3D":[69,74],"volumetric":[70],"images.":[71],"All":[72],"scans":[75,106,119,135],"cropped":[77],"depending":[78],"their":[80],"size":[81,176],"in":[82,102,122],"keep":[85],"only":[86],"region":[89,96],"of":[90,177,183,188,229],"interest.":[91],"same":[93],"anatomic":[94],"cropping":[95],"used":[98,151],"every":[100],"scan":[101],"dataset.":[104],"acquired":[108],"at":[109],"different":[110,113,236],"centers":[111,241],"with":[112,171],"resolutions.":[114],"Therefore,":[115],"resized":[117],"all":[118],"512\u00d7512":[121],"pre-processing":[124],"step":[125],"where":[126],"also":[128],"performed":[129,170],"contrast":[130],"adjustment":[131],"as":[132,255,265],"original":[134],"had":[136],"low":[137],"contrast.":[138],"After":[139],"pre-processing,":[141],"around":[142],"350":[143],"each":[148],"scan,":[149],"train":[153],"model.":[156],"For":[157],"cross-validation,":[159],"dataset":[161],"divided":[163],"into":[164],"10":[165],"folds.":[166],"training":[168],"60":[172],"epochs,":[173],"batch":[175],"8":[178],"rate":[182],"2\u00d710<sup>-5</sup>.":[184],"average":[186],"performance":[187],"models":[190],"test":[193],"set":[194],"presented":[195],"0.95":[196],"\u00b1":[197,201,205,209,214],"0.05":[198],"AUC,":[199],"0.93":[200],"0.06":[202],"sensitivity,":[203],"0.9998":[204],"0.0001":[206],"specificity,":[207],"0.9996":[208],"0.0003":[210],"accuracy,":[211],"0.91":[213],"0.03":[215],"F1":[216],"score.":[217],"This":[218],"study":[219],"findings":[220],"suggest":[221],"fast":[223],"efficient":[225],"CBCT":[226],"segmentation":[228,270],"ramus":[234],"clinical":[237],"data":[238],"sets":[239],"can":[242,248],"be":[243,276],"analyzed":[244,277],"effectively.":[245],"Future":[246],"studies":[247],"now":[249],"extract":[250],"radiomic":[251],"imaging":[253],"features":[254],"potentially":[256],"relevant":[257],"objective":[258],"diagnostic":[259],"criteria":[260],"such":[264],"osteoarthritis":[266],"(OA).":[267],"proposed":[269],"will":[271],"allow":[272],"large":[273],"datasets":[274],"more":[278],"efficiently":[279],"disease":[281],"classification.":[282]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}