{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200414816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630709","title":"Development of Foot Displacement Detection Algorithm for Power Wheelchair Footplate Pressure and Positioning","display_name":"Development of Foot Displacement Detection Algorithm for Power Wheelchair Footplate Pressure and Positioning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200414816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630709","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892727"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630709","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630709","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Steve J. A. Majerus","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steve J. A. Majerus","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jeremiah Ukwela","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremiah Ukwela","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Joseph Lerchbacker","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Lerchbacker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kath M. Bogie","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kath M. Bogie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"M. Kristi Henzel","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Kristi Henzel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42876902,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"7054","last_page":"7057"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10925","display_name":"Spinal Cord Injury Research","score":0.8622000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10925","display_name":"Spinal Cord Injury Research","score":0.8622000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.03519999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.027899999171495438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/footplate","display_name":"Footplate","score":0.8892999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crutch","display_name":"Crutch","score":0.6717000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bluetooth","display_name":"Bluetooth","score":0.565500020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foot","display_name":"Foot (prosody)","score":0.5235000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheelchair","display_name":"Wheelchair","score":0.5052000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/displacement","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","score":0.4528999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foot-pressure","display_name":"Foot pressure","score":0.375900000333786}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150011116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5466540","display_name":"Footplate","level":2,"score":0.8892999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778345045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q268828","display_name":"Crutch","level":2,"score":0.6717000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5769000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5703999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546215728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39531","display_name":"Bluetooth","level":3,"score":0.565500020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115076146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651051","display_name":"Foot (prosody)","level":2,"score":0.5235000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781042323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191931","display_name":"Wheelchair","level":2,"score":0.5052000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4528999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3801000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992252211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4368164","display_name":"Foot pressure","level":3,"score":0.375900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.37070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.36239999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778230297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141546","display_name":"Sprayer","level":2,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C293773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7608015","display_name":"Step detection","level":3,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146778888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836862","display_name":"Installation","level":2,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81746177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4346098","display_name":"Windage","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781306077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944758","display_name":"Tetraplegia","level":4,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779266915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5465742","display_name":"Foot deformity","level":3,"score":0.2524999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005528","descriptor_name":"Foot","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005528","descriptor_name":"Foot","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005528","descriptor_name":"Foot","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012420","descriptor_name":"Running","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012420","descriptor_name":"Running","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012420","descriptor_name":"Running","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014910","descriptor_name":"Wheelchairs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014910","descriptor_name":"Wheelchairs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014910","descriptor_name":"Wheelchairs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630709","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630709","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607750","display_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &amp; Biology Society (EMBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:34892727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972127093","https://openalex.org/W1993857836","https://openalex.org/W2004541272","https://openalex.org/W2033159902","https://openalex.org/W2057144405","https://openalex.org/W2148991704","https://openalex.org/W2619868853","https://openalex.org/W2896736808","https://openalex.org/W2898750111"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Inadvertent":[0],"lower":[1],"extremity":[2],"displacement":[3],"(ILED)":[4],"puts":[5],"the":[6,37,75,94,121,136,155,216,224],"feet":[7],"of":[8,16,26,39,53,58,67,96,123,129,138,218,226],"power":[9],"wheelchair":[10],"(PWC)":[11],"users":[12],"at":[13],"great":[14],"risk":[15,38,137],"traumatic":[17],"injury.":[18,40,227],"Because":[19],"disabled":[20],"individuals":[21],"may":[22],"not":[23],"be":[24,176],"aware":[25],"a":[27,30,47,89,99,110,145,165,219],"mis-positioned":[28,220],"foot,":[29],"real-time":[31,54,166],"system":[32,49,63],"for":[33,200],"notification":[34],"can":[35,175,214],"reduce":[36,223],"To":[41],"test":[42,120],"this":[43,115],"concept,":[44],"we":[45],"developed":[46],"prototype":[48],"called":[50],"FootSafe,":[51],"capable":[52],"detection":[55],"and":[56,141,183,211],"classification":[57,124,167],"foot":[59,72,173,221],"position.":[60],"The":[61,206],"FootSafe":[62,102,207],"used":[64,118],"an":[65,84],"array":[66],"force-sensing":[68],"resistors":[69],"to":[70,83,92,119,134,222],"monitor":[71],"pressures":[73],"on":[74,187],"PWC":[76],"footplate.":[77],"Data":[78,112],"were":[79,117],"transmitted":[80],"via":[81],"Bluetooth":[82],"iOS":[85,209],"app":[86],"which":[87],"ran":[88],"classifier":[90,212],"algorithm":[91,147,213],"notify":[93],"user":[95,217],"ILED.":[97],"In":[98,164],"pilot":[100],"trial,":[101],"was":[103,132],"tested":[104],"with":[105,202],"seven":[106],"participants":[107],"seated":[108],"in":[109],"PWC.":[111],"collected":[113],"from":[114],"trial":[116],"accuracy":[122],"algorithms.":[125],"A":[126],"custom":[127],"figure":[128],"merit":[130],"(FOM)":[131],"created":[133],"balance":[135],"missed":[139],"positive":[140],"false":[142],"positive.":[143],"While":[144],"machine-learning":[146],"(K":[148],"nearest":[149],"neighbors,":[150],"FOM=0.78)":[151],"outperformed":[152],"simpler":[153],"methods,":[154],"simplest":[156],"algorithm,":[157],"mean":[158],"footplate":[159],"pressure,":[160],"performed":[161],"similarly":[162],"(FOM=0.62).":[163],"task,":[168],"these":[169],"results":[170],"suggest":[171],"that":[172],"position":[174],"estimated":[177],"using":[178],"relatively":[179],"few":[180],"force":[181],"sensors":[182],"simple":[184],"algorithms":[185],"running":[186],"mobile":[188],"hardware.Clinical":[189],"Relevance-":[190],"Foot":[191],"collisions":[192],"or":[193,197],"dragging":[194],"are":[195],"severe":[196],"life-threatening":[198],"injuries":[199],"people":[201],"spinal":[203],"cord":[204],"injuries.":[205],"sensor,":[208],"app,":[210],"warn":[215],"incidence":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}
